---
title: affright — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «affright» in the Early Modern English dictionary: Made very afraid, or the sudden fear itself. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# affright

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**Who acts:** Wendy, she, mighty men · **What happens:** make, not affright, be, affright, swell, tremble · **To what, where:** sudden fear, Thou, midst, chiefs, inhabitants

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«affright» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [affright in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/affright.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made very afraid, or the sudden fear itself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:affright:m1:1
# text = Made very afraid, or the sudden fear itself.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	8	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | the sudden fear  fear |  |  |  | afraid *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt not be affrighted at them; for the LORD thy God is in the midst of thee, a God great and awful.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah DEU.7.21, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:affright:x1:1
# text = Thou shalt not be affrighted at them; for the LORD thy God is in the midst of thee, a God great and awful.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	affrighted	affright	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	amod	_	_
12	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	parataxis	_	_
23	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	awful	awful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **affright** | shall · passive |  | Thou |  |  |  | at them *= they* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the midst |  | for thy LORD God; of thee | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Affrighted though she was, Wendy swelled with pride.

<!-- .note -->
From Peter Pan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:affright:x2:1
# text = Affrighted though she was, Wendy swelled with pride.
1	Affrighted	affright	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
2	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	Wendy	Wendy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	swelled	swell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	pride	pride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affright** | participle | Wendy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **swell** | past | Wendy |  |  |  |  | with pride | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then were the chiefs of Edom affrighted; the mighty men of Moab, trembling taketh hold upon them; all the inhabitants of Canaan are melted away.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.15.15, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:affright:x3:1
# text = Then were the chiefs of Edom affrighted; the mighty men of Moab, trembling taketh hold upon them; all the inhabitants of Canaan are melted away.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	affrighted	affright	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	trembling	tremble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	nsubj	_	_
16	taketh	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
17	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
18	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
21	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	23	det:predet	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Canaan	Canaan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
28	away	away	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affright** | past · passive |  | the chiefs of Edom |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tremble** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | present | the mighty men of Moab |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **hold** | present | the mighty men of Moab *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon men *= man* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Location |
| 5 | **melt away** | present · passive |  | all inhabitants of Canaan |  |  |  | away *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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