---
title: atonement — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «atonement» in the Early Modern English dictionary: In these texts, a gift or offering to God that makes up for a sin. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# atonement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gift, he, one goat · **What happens:** offer, make up, goat, make · **To what, where:** God, atonement

<!-- .vabout -->
«atonement» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [atonement in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/atonement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In these texts, a gift or offering to God that makes up for a sin.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:atonement:m1:1
# text = In these texts, a gift or offering to God that makes up for a sin.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | gerund |  |  | God |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to god=Goal |
| 2 | **make up** | present | a gift |  |  |  |  | for a sin | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
one he-goat, to make atonement for you.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah NUM.28.30, JPS 1917.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:atonement:x1:1
# text = one he-goat, to make atonement for you.
1	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	atonement	atonement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **goat** |  | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | one goat | atonement |  |  |  | for you | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent atonement=Product for you=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and one he-goat for a sin-offering, to make atonement for you.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah NUM.28.22, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:atonement:x2:1
# text = and one he-goat for a sin-offering, to make atonement for you.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
14	atonement	atonement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **goat** |  | he |  |  |  |  | for a sin offering | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | one goat | atonement |  |  |  | for you | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent atonement=Product for you=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and one he-goat for a sin-offering, to make atonement for you;

<!-- .note -->
From Torah NUM.29.5, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:atonement:x3:1
# text = and one he-goat for a sin-offering, to make atonement for you;
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
14	atonement	atonement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **goat** |  | he |  |  |  |  | for a sin offering | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | one goat | atonement |  |  |  | for you | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent atonement=Product for you=Beneficiary |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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