---
title: bondman — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bondman» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A man who is owned by another and must work for him. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bondman

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**Who acts:** another, man, Thou, he, him · **What happens:** own, work, not deliver, escape, remember, observe · **To what, where:** man, bondman, master, statutes, tooth, him

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«bondman» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bondman in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/bondman.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A man who is owned by another and must work for him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:bondman:m1:1
# text = A man who is owned by another and must work for him.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	obl:agent	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | present · passive | another | a man |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |
| 2 | **work** | must | a man |  |  |  |  | for him *= he* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for he=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt not deliver unto his master a bondman that is escaped from his master unto thee;

<!-- .note -->
From Torah DEU.23.15, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:bondman:x1:1
# text = Thou shalt not deliver unto his master a bondman that is escaped from his master unto thee;
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bondman	bondman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	escaped	escape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **deliver** | shall | Thou | a bondman |  |  |  | unto his master | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bondman=Patient |
| 2 | **escape** | present · passive |  | a bondman |  | his master unto thee |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt; and thou shalt observe and do these statutes.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah DEU.16.12, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:bondman:x2:1
# text = And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt; and thou shalt observe and do these statutes.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
7	wast	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bondman	bondman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nsubj	_	_
15	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
19	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	statutes	statute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | shall | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **observe** | shall | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | this statutes |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statute=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And if he smite out his bondman's tooth, or his bondwoman's tooth, he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.21.27, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:bondman:x3:1
# text = And if he smite out his bondman's tooth, or his bondwoman's tooth, he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	bondman	bondman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	bondwoman	bondwoman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	's	's	PART	POS	_	25	case	_	_
27	sake	sake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite out** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive | he | his bondman's tooth |  |  |  | his bondwoman's tooth *obl* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus tooth=Experiencer |
| 2 | **let** | shall | he | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive | him *= he* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | free *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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