--- title: brake — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics description: «brake» in the Early Modern English dictionary: Broke into pieces. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/B/brake/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/) / [B](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/B/) / brake # brake **Who acts:** spring flood, ice, lumbering bear, bear, Gold gold, gold · **What happens:** break, lift, cover, swing, think, trot · **To what, where:** pieces, ice, thousand pieces, head, small red eye, near brake «brake» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [brake in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/brake.md). ## Meaning 1 {#m1} Broke into pieces. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:emode:brake:m1:1 # text = Broke into pieces. 1 Broke break VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 into into ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 4 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **break** | past | | | | | | into pieces *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into piece=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## Example 1 {#x1} The spring flood was lifting the ice covering, which brake into a thousand pieces. From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:emode:brake:x1:1 # text = The spring flood was lifting the ice covering, which brake into a thousand pieces. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 spring spring NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 flood flood NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 lifting lift VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 covering cover VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 11 brake break VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 12 into into ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 thousand thousand NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 15 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lift** | past · progressive | the spring flood | the ice | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Theme | | 2 | **cover** | gerund | the ice *not said here* | | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **break** | present | | | | | | into thousand pieces *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into piece=Result | ## Example 2 {#x2} The lumbering bear swung his head of hesitations and thought again; he trotted his small red eye away with him to a near-by brake. From Irish Fairy Tales. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:emode:brake:x2:1 # text = The lumbering bear swung his head of hesitations and thought again; he trotted his small red eye away with him to a near-by brake. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 lumbering lumbering ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 bear bear NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 swung swing VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 hesitations hesitation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 11 again again ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 trotted trot VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 15 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 16 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 17 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 19 away away ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ _ 22 to to ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 24 near near ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 25 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 26 by by ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 brake brake NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 28 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swing** | past | the lumbering bear | bear's head of hesitations | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent head=Theme | | 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | the lumbering bear *not said here* | | | | again | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **trot** | past | bear | bear's small red eye | | a near brake | | with him *= he*; away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent eye=Theme to brake=Trajectory | ## Example 3 {#x3} Gold! gold!' he shouted, again holding the glass aloft, that it might flash in the sunshine; but his hand trembled, and the alchymic glass fell from it, clattering to the ground, and brake in a thousand pieces. From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:emode:brake:x3:1 # text = Gold! gold!' he shouted, again holding the glass aloft, that it might flash in the sunshine; but his hand trembled, and the alchymic glass fell from it, clattering to the ground, and brake in a thousand pieces. 1 Gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 2 ! ! PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ 3 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 ! ! PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 5 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 6 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 shouted shout VERB VBD Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 again again ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 holding hold VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 advcl _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 glass glass NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 aloft aloft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 might might AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 flash flash VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 conj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 sunshine sunshine NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 23 but but CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 trembled tremble VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 alchymic alchymic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 glass glass NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 33 from from ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 36 clattering clatter VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 32 advcl _ _ 37 to to ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 brake brake NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 43 in in ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 thousand thousand NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 46 nummod _ _ 46 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 47 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Gold gold | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **hold** | gerund | Gold gold *not said here* | the glass | | | again | aloft *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Theme | | 3 | **flash** | might | gold | | | the sunshine | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sunshine=Location | | 4 | **tremble** | past | his hand | brake in thousand pieces | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **fall** | past | the alchymic glass | | | hand | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from it=Initial\_Location | | 6 | **clatter** | gerund | the alchymic glass *not said here* | | | | | to the ground | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | **Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. 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