---
title: camest — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «camest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: «camest» means «you came», a form of «come»: To come is to move towards here, to the person speaking. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# camest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, form, person, he, Hagar, I · **What happens:** come, mean, be, speak, say, go · **To what, where:** form, thou, face, starved cattle, beast, world · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«camest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [camest in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/camest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«camest» means «you came», a form of «come»: To come is to move towards here, to the person speaking.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:camest:m1:1
# text = «camest» means «you came», a form of «come»: To come is to move towards here, to the person speaking.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	camest	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
17	To	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	csubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
22	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
28	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come** *in a quote* | past | you | a form |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **come** *in a quote* | infinitive | a form *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **come** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the person; move *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | the person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Come here!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:camest:m1e:1
# text = Come here!
1	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | here |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said: 'Hagar, Sarai's handmaid, whence camest thou? and whither goest thou?' And she said: 'I flee from the face of my mistress Sarai.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.16.8, JPS 1917.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he said: 'Hagar, Sarai's handmaid, whence camest thou? and whither goest thou?'

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:camest:x1:1
# text = And he said: 'Hagar, Sarai's handmaid, whence camest thou? and whither goest thou?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Hagar	Hagar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	Sarai	Sarai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	handmaid	handmaid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	whence	whence	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
13	camest	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
14	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	whither	whither	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
18	goest	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
19	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | past |  | thou |  |  |  | whence *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thou=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | present |  | thou |  |  |  | whither *property* | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thou=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* And she said: 'I flee from the face of my mistress Sarai.'

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:camest:x1:2
# text = And she said: 'I flee from the face of my mistress Sarai.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	flee	flee	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	mistress	mistress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	Sarai	Sarai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hagar |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **flee** | present | I |  |  | the face of my mistress |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from face=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now get hence, or by the Sambhur that I killed (I eat no starved cattle), back thou goest to thy mother, burned beast of the jungle, lamer than ever thou camest into the world!

<!-- .note -->
From The Jungle Book.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:camest:x2:1
# text = Now get hence, or by the Sambhur that I killed (I eat no starved cattle), back thou goest to thy mother, burned beast of the jungle, lamer than ever thou camest into the world!
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	advcl	_	_
3	hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sambhur	sambhur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
16	starved	starve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	back	back	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nsubj	_	_
22	goest	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	burned	burn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
28	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	lamer	lamer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
34	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
35	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	37	advmod	_	_
36	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	37	nsubj	_	_
37	camest	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
38	into	into	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | now | by the Sambhur; hence *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **kill** | past | the Sambhur |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **eat** | present | I | no starved cattle |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Patient |
| 4 | **starve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | to thy mother | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to mother=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **burn** | past |  | beast of the jungle and lamer |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent beast=Theme |
| 7 | **come** | past | thou |  |  | the world | ever |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into world=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, at the time appointed in the month Abib, for in the month Abib thou camest out from Egypt.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.34.18, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:camest:x3:1
# text = Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, at the time appointed in the month Abib, for in the month Abib thou camest out from Egypt.
1	Seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
4	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	unleavened	unleavened	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
17	appointed	appoint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	Abib	Abib	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
27	Abib	Abib	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
28	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	29	nsubj	_	_
29	camest	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
30	out	out	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | shall | Seven days | unleavened bread |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient |
| 2 | **command** | past | I | thee |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent thou=Eventuality |
| 3 | **appoint** | participle |  | the time *not said here* |  |  | month |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **come out** | past | Abib |  |  | Egypt |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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