---
title: carriage — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «carriage» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A wheeled vehicle pulled by horses, used to carry people. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# carriage

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**Who acts:** wheeled vehicle, prince, SOUTH, Fairy · **What happens:** wheel, pull, use, carry, look, point · **To what, where:** horses, people, CARRIAGE, them

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«carriage» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [carriage in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/carriage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wheeled vehicle pulled by horses, used to carry people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:carriage:m1:1
# text = A wheeled vehicle pulled by horses, used to carry people.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wheeled	wheel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wheel** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn drive-11.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pull** | participle | a wheeled vehicle |  |  |  |  | by horses | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | horses *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **carry** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prince looked well at the carriage.

<!-- .note -->
From The Crimson Fairy Book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:carriage:x1:1
# text = The prince looked well at the carriage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the prince |  |  |  |  | at the carriage; well *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at carriage=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
THE “SHINANSHA,” OR THE SOUTH POINTING CARRIAGE

<!-- .note -->
From Japanese Fairy Tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:carriage:x2:1
# text = THE “SHINANSHA,” OR THE SOUTH POINTING CARRIAGE
1	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	SHINANSHA	SHINANSHA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	OR	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	SOUTH	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	POINTING	point	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	CARRIAGE	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point** | gerund | the SOUTH *not said here* | CARRIAGE |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carriage=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Fairy stopped her carriage and addressed them:

<!-- .note -->
From The Red Fairy Book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:carriage:x3:1
# text = The Fairy stopped her carriage and addressed them:
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Fairy	Fairy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	addressed	address	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the Fairy | Fairy's carriage |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector carriage=Eventuality |
| 2 | **address** | past | the Fairy *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Destination |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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