---
title: cattle — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cattle» in the Early Modern English dictionary: Animals kept on a farm, such as cows, sheep, goats or camels, and sometimes wealth. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cattle

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**Who acts:** they, cattle, Abram · **What happens:** keep, bring, go, be · **To what, where:** Animals, farm, cattle

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«cattle» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cattle in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/cattle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animals kept on a farm, such as cows, sheep, goats or camels, and sometimes wealth.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:cattle:m1:1
# text = Animals kept on a farm, such as cows, sheep, goats or camels, and sometimes wealth.
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	camels	camel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	19	advmod	_	_
19	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  | Animals and wealth *not said here* |  | a farm |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent on farm=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they brought their cattle unto Joseph.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.47.17, JPS 1917.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:cattle:x1:1
# text = And they brought their cattle unto Joseph.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | they |  | their cattle |  |  | unto Joseph | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument cattle=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Raleô, raleô, How the cattle go!’

<!-- .note -->
From The Red Fairy Book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:cattle:x2:1
# text = ‘Raleô, raleô, How the cattle go!’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Raleô	Raleô	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	raleô	raleô	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the cattle |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.13.2, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:cattle:x3:1
# text = And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	Abram	Abram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Abram |  |  |  |  | in cattle and silver and gold; rich *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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