---
title: causest — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «causest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: «causest» means «you cause», a form of «cause»: What makes something happen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# causest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, something, cause, thou, we, thousand instances · **What happens:** cause, mean, make, happen, form, be · **To what, where:** something, cause, candle, fire, Spite, mankind · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«causest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [causest in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/causest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«causest» means «you cause», a form of «cause»: What makes something happen.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:causest:m1:1
# text = «causest» means «you cause», a form of «cause»: What makes something happen.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	causest	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	nsubj	_	_
18	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	obj	_	_
20	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cause** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 4 | **make** | present |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **happen** | infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **form** |  |  | cause |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The cause of the fire was a candle."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:causest:m1e:1
# text = "The cause of the fire was a candle."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | the cause of the fire | a candle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** *in a quote* |  |  | the fire |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spite of thy charms, thou causest often pain And sore regret, of which we daily find A thousand instances attend mankind: For thou--O may it not displease the fair-- A fleeting pleasure art, but lasting care.

<!-- .note -->
From The Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:causest:x1:1
# text = Spite of thy charms, thou causest often pain And sore regret, of which we daily find A thousand instances attend mankind: For thou--O may it not displease the fair-- A fleeting pleasure art, but lasting care.
1	Spite	spite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	charms	charm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
7	causest	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	regret	regret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
16	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	daily	daily	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
19	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	instances	instance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	attend	attend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
23	mankind	mankind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
25	For	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	32	discourse	_	_
29	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
32	displease	displease	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
37	fleeting	fleeting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
38	pleasure	pleasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	lasting	lasting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | thou | Spite of thy charms |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | present | we |  |  |  |  | daily *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **attend** | present | a thousand instances | mankind |  |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mankind=Goal |
| 4 | **not** **displease** | may | mankind | the fair |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fair=Experiencer |
| 5 | **spite** |  |  | thy charms |  |  |  |  | nom spite «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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