--- title: cretin — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics description: «cretin» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A person born with a serious illness that stops the body and mind growing properly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/C/cretin/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/C/) / cretin # cretin **Who acts:** serious illness, mind, poor cretin, Valais, French soldiers, soldiers · **What happens:** bear, stop, grow, creep away, see, follow · **To what, where:** person, body, bed, nothing, it, capital doctors «cretin» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cretin in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/cretin.md). ## Meaning 1 {#m1} A person born with a serious illness that stops the body and mind growing properly. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:emode:cretin:m1:1 # text = A person born with a serious illness that stops the body and mind growing properly. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 born bear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 4 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 serious serious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 illness illness NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 stops stop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 mind mind NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 14 growing grow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 13 acl _ _ 15 properly properly ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 16 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bear** | participle | | a person *not said here* | | | | with a serious illness | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **stop** | present | a serious illness | the body and mind | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality body=Eventuality | | 3 | **grow** | gerund | mind *not said here* | | | | | properly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## Example 1 {#x1} The poor cretin crept away to his bed, and nothing was seen of him during the whole of the following day. From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:emode:cretin:x1:1 # text = The poor cretin crept away to his bed, and nothing was seen of him during the whole of the following day. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 cretin cretin NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 crept creep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 away away ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 bed bed NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 11 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 12 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 advcl _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ _ 16 during during ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 obl _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 22 amod _ _ 22 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **creep away** | past | the poor cretin | | | cretin's bed | | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to bed=Destination | | 2 | **see** | past · passive | | nothing | | | during the whole | of cretin | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | | 3 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ## Example 2 {#x2} Valais was then, as he expressed it, only a closed-up bag, quite full of sick people, miserable cretins; but the French soldiers came, and they were capital doctors, they soon killed the disease and the sick people, too. From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:emode:cretin:x2:1 # text = Valais was then, as he expressed it, only a closed-up bag, quite full of sick people, miserable cretins; but the French soldiers came, and they were capital doctors, they soon killed the disease and the sick people, too. 1 Valais Valais PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 7 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 5 as as SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 6 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 expressed express VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 10 only only ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 12 closed close VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 14 up up ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ _ 15 bag bag NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 quite quite ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 conj _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 sick sick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 miserable miserable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 cretins cretin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 26 but but CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 soldiers soldier NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 34 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 35 capital capital ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 doctors doctor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 soon soon ADV RB Degree=Pos 40 advmod _ _ 40 killed kill VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 45 sick sick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 47 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 48 too too ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Valais | | | | | then *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **express** | past | Valais | it | | | | a closed bag *obl* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 3 | **close up** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **come** | past | the French soldiers | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | past | soldiers *= soldier* | capital doctors | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **kill** | past | soldiers *= soldier* | the disease and the sick people | | | | soon *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Theme | **Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. 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