---
title: dim — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dim» in the Early Modern English dictionary: Not bright, or not able to see well; in one sentence it is short for "diminutive.". Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dim

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sentence, eyes, Israel, Moses, eye · **What happens:** see, be, not see, call, die, not be · **To what, where:** one sentence, It, hundred, natural force · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«dim» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dim in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/dim.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not bright, or not able to see well; in one sentence it is short for "diminutive.".

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:dim:m1:1
# text = Not bright, or not able to see well; in one sentence it is short for "diminutive.".
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	diminutive	diminutive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | sentence |  |  | one sentence |  | for diminutive; short *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he could not see.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.48.10, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:dim:x1:1
# text = Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he could not see.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	16	mark	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the eyes of Israel |  |  |  | for age; now | dim *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **see** | could | Israel |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is called in the original a Kukla (dim.

<!-- .note -->
From Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:dim:x2:1
# text = It is called in the original a Kukla (dim.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	original	original	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Kukla	Kukla	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died: his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah DEU.34.7, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:dim:x3:1
# text = And Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died: his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	23	cc	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
24	abated	abate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Moses | a hundred |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** | past | Moses |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **not** **is** | past | Moses's eye |  |  |  |  | dim *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **abate** | participle |  | Moses's natural force *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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