---
title: faint — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «faint» in the Early Modern English dictionary: weak, tired and nearly without strength, especially from hunger. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# faint

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Esau, sickening smell, me, I · **What happens:** come in, be, sicken, make, say, let · **To what, where:** Jacob sod pottage, field, him, Jacob, me, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«faint» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [faint in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/faint.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
weak, tired and nearly without strength, especially from hunger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:faint:m1:1
# text = weak, tired and nearly without strength, especially from hunger.
1	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Jacob sod pottage; and Esau came in from the field, and he was faint.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.25.29, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:faint:x1:1
# text = And Jacob sod pottage; and Esau came in from the field, and he was faint.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	sod	sod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	pottage	pottage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Esau	Esau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come in** | past | Esau | Jacob sod pottage *not said here* |  | the field |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pottage=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | Esau |  |  |  |  | faint *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sickening smell made him faint.

<!-- .note -->
From Japanese Fairy Tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:faint:x2:1
# text = The sickening smell made him faint.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sickening	sicken	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sicken** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **make** | past | the sickening smell | him *= he* |  |  |  | faint *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Esau said to Jacob: 'Let me swallow, I pray thee, some of this red, red pottage; for I am faint.' Therefore was his name called Edom.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.25.30, JPS 1917.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Esau said to Jacob: 'Let me swallow, I pray thee, some of this red, red pottage; for I am faint.'

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:faint:x3:1
# text = And Esau said to Jacob: 'Let me swallow, I pray thee, some of this red, red pottage; for I am faint.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Esau	Esau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	swallow	swallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
14	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
18	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	nsubj	_	_
19	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	pottage	pottage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Esau |  | Jacob |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to jacob=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **swallow** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **pray** | present | I | thee |  |  |  | of red red pottage | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | faint *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Therefore was his name called Edom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:faint:x3:2
# text = Therefore was his name called Edom.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | Jacob's name |  |  |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | Jacob's name *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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