---
title: hail — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hail» in the Early Modern English dictionary: small balls of ice that fall from storms; in the fairy tale, a greeting meaning welcome. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/H/hail/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/) / [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/H/) / hail

# hail

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small balls, greeting, children, Hail, you, I · **What happens:** fall, mean, be, say, entreat, let · **To what, where:** storms, welcome, hunter, LORD, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hail» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hail in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/hail.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
small balls of ice that fall from storms; in the fairy tale, a greeting meaning welcome.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:hail:m1:1
# text = small balls of ice that fall from storms; in the fairy tale, a greeting meaning welcome.
1	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	storms	storm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	fairy	fairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
17	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	welcome	welcome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present | small balls |  |  | storms |  | of ice; in the fairy tale | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme of ice=Initial\_Location from storm=Destination |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | a greeting *not said here* | welcome |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent welcome=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.9.26, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:hail:x1:1
# text = Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Goshen	Goshen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Hail, fair maiden!" says the hunter.

<!-- .note -->
From Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:hail:x2:1
# text = "Hail, fair maiden!" says the hunter.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Hail | the hunter |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hunter=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Entreat the LORD, and let there be enough of these mighty thunderings and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall stay no longer.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.9.28, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:hail:x3:1
# text = Entreat the LORD, and let there be enough of these mighty thunderings and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall stay no longer.'
1	Entreat	entreat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
12	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	thunderings	thundering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nsubj	_	_
26	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
28	no	no	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **entreat** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | the LORD |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lord=Recipient |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  | there |  | of this mighty thunderings and hail; enough *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **let** | future | I | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **stay** | shall | ye |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [hadst](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/H/hadst/)
- next →: [hallow](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/H/hallow/)
- ↑ back to [H in Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/H/)