---
title: hearest — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hearest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: «hearest» means «you hear», a form of «hear»: To notice sounds with your ears. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hearest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I, Pharaoh, none, thou, that · **What happens:** hear, mean, notice, say, dream, be · **To what, where:** sounds, bird, dream, say, nothing, seat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hearest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hearest in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/hearest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«hearest» means «you hear», a form of «hear»: To notice sounds with your ears.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:hearest:m1:1
# text = «hearest» means «you hear», a form of «hear»: To notice sounds with your ears.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	hearest	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	To	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	notice	notice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
19	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hear** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **hear** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **notice** | to-infinitive |  | sounds |  |  |  | with your ears | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I hear a bird."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:hearest:m1e:1
# text = "I hear a bird."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** *in a quote* | present | I | a bird |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Pharaoh said unto Joseph: 'I have dreamed a dream, and there is none that can interpret it; and I have heard say of thee, that when thou hearest a dream thou canst interpret it.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.41.15, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:hearest:x1:1
# text = And Pharaoh said unto Joseph: 'I have dreamed a dream, and there is none that can interpret it; and I have heard say of thee, that when thou hearest a dream thou canst interpret it.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	dreamed	dream	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	16	expl	_	_
16	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
17	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	16	nsubj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	interpret	interpret	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
27	say	say	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
31	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	39	nsubj:outer	_	_
32	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	34	advmod	_	_
33	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	34	nsubj	_	_
34	hearest	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	advcl	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	39	nsubj	_	_
38	canst	can	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	interpret	interpret	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	conj	_	_
40	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Pharaoh |  |  |  |  | unto Joseph | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **dream** | present · perfect | I | a dream |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dream=Topic |
| 3 | **be** | present | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **interpret** | can |  | dream |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 5 | **hear** | present · perfect | I | say of thee |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer say=Stimulus |
| 6 | **hear** | present | thou | a dream |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer dream=Stimulus |
| 7 | **interpret** | can | that | dream |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 8 | **say** |  | thee |  |  |  |  |  | nom say «state intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou givest nothing, and thou hearest nothing"--and, leaping from his seat, he took up a club and began beating the sack till he had knocked a hole in the wall, and beaten the sack to bits.

<!-- .note -->
From Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:hearest:x2:1
# text = Thou givest nothing, and thou hearest nothing"--and, leaping from his seat, he took up a club and began beating the sack till he had knocked a hole in the wall, and beaten the sack to bits.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	nsubj	_	_
2	givest	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hearest	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
20	up	up	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
25	beating	beat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	xcomp	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	knocked	knock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	advcl	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	parataxis	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	_
42	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Thou | nothing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | present | thou | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus |
| 3 | **leap** *in a quote* | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  | his seat |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from seat=Trajectory |
| 4 | **take up** *in a quote* | past | he | a club |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent club=Theme |
| 5 | **begin** *in a quote* | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **beat** *in a quote* | gerund | he *not said here* | the sack |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sack=Theme |
| 7 | **knock** *in a quote* | past · perfect · passive |  | he |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination hole=Theme |
| 8 | **beat** *in a quote* | participle |  | the sack | bits |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sack=Patient to bit=Recipient |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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