---
title: heed — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «heed» in the Early Modern English dictionary: To pay attention to something and act on it, such as a warning or a command. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# heed

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, thou, thy, nobody, he · **What happens:** pay, act, take, not offer, see, offer · **To what, where:** attention, heed, thyself, burnt offerings, place, Levite · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«heed» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [heed in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/heed.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To pay attention to something and act on it, such as a warning or a command.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:heed:m1:1
# text = To pay attention to something and act on it, such as a warning or a command.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	pay	pay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	act	act	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | to-infinitive |  | attention |  |  |  | to something | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attention=Asset |
| 2 | **act** | infinitive |  |  |  | attention |  | such a warning or a command | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take heed to thyself that thou offer not thy burnt-offerings in every place that thou seest;

<!-- .note -->
From Torah DEU.12.13, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:heed:x1:1
# text = Take heed to thyself that thou offer not thy burnt-offerings in every place that thou seest;
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	heed	heed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	1	obl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
7	offer	offer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
9	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
10	burnt	burnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obj	_	_
17	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nsubj	_	_
18	seest	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | heed |  | thyself |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent heed=Theme to thyself=Destination |
| 2 | **not** **offer** | present | thou | thy burnt offerings |  | every place |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent offering=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | present | thou | every place |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 4 | **offer** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But nobody heeded what he said.

<!-- .note -->
From Celtic Fairy Tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:heed:x2:1
# text = But nobody heeded what he said.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heeded	heed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obj	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heed** | past | nobody |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take heed to thyself that thou forsake not the Levite as long as thou livest upon thy land.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah DEU.12.19, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:heed:x3:1
# text = Take heed to thyself that thou forsake not the Levite as long as thou livest upon thy land.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	heed	heed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	1	obl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nsubj	_	_
7	forsake	forsake	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Levite	levite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	advcl	_	_
11	as	as	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nsubj	_	_
15	livest	live	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	conj	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | heed |  | thyself |  | long *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent heed=Theme to thyself=Destination |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | thou | the Levite |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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