---
title: kinsman — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kinsman» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A male relative, a man of the same family. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kinsman

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** father, ye, that, you, relatives, brother · **What happens:** have, give, be, possess, inherit, bring · **To what, where:** brethren, inheritance, them, life, some · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«kinsman» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kinsman in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/kinsman.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A male relative, a man of the same family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:kinsman:m1:1
# text = A male relative, a man of the same family.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And if his father have no brethren, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his kinsman that is next to him of his family, and he shall possess it.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah NUM.27.11, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:kinsman:x1:1
# text = And if his father have no brethren, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his kinsman that is next to him of his family, and he shall possess it.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
10	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj	_	_
11	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	kinsman	kinsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	next	next	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nmod	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	possess	possess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | his father | no brethren |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brethren=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | shall | ye | father's inheritance |  |  | then | unto father's kinsman | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inheritance=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | to father; of father's family; next *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **possess** | shall | father | inheritance |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme |
| 5 | **inherit** |  | father |  |  |  |  |  | nom inheritance «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Do bring them to life, kinsman," say their relatives.

<!-- .note -->
From Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:kinsman:x2:1
# text = "Do bring them to life, kinsman," say their relatives.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	kinsman	kinsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
11	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** *in a quote* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | them *= they* |  | life and kinsman |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to life=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | life's relatives |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If thy brother be waxen poor, and sell some of his possession, then shall his kinsman that is next unto him come, and shall redeem that which his brother hath sold.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah LEV.25.25, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:kinsman:x3:1
# text = If thy brother be waxen poor, and sell some of his possession, then shall his kinsman that is next unto him come, and shall redeem that which his brother hath sold.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	waxen	waxen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sell	sell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	kinsman	kinsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
21	next	next	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
22	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	redeem	redeem	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
30	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
34	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive | thy brother |  |  |  |  | poor *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sell** | imperative | you *not said here* | some |  |  |  | his kinsman *obl* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | his kinsman |  |  |  |  | come, next *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **redeem** | shall | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **have** | present | his brother |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **sell** | participle | his brother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **possess** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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