---
title: kitchenmaid — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kitchenmaid» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A girl or woman who helps in the kitchen with rough work. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kitchenmaid

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** woman, Gracious Emperor, you, that, cow, We · **What happens:** help, call out, want, sing, be, moo · **To what, where:** kitchen, Little Nightingale, you, cow, little kitchenmaid, long way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«kitchenmaid» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kitchenmaid in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/kitchenmaid.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A girl or woman who helps in the kitchen with rough work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:kitchenmaid:m1:1
# text = A girl or woman who helps in the kitchen with rough work.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | woman |  |  | the kitchen with rough work |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Little Nightingale,’ called out the little kitchenmaid, ‘our Gracious Emperor wants you to sing before him!’

<!-- .note -->
From The Yellow Fairy Book.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:kitchenmaid:x1:1
# text = ‘Little Nightingale,’ called out the little kitchenmaid, ‘our Gracious Emperor wants you to sing before him!’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Nightingale	Nightingale	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	’	'	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	kitchenmaid	kitchenmaid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	Gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Emperor	Emperor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
20	before	before	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call out** *speech: assert* | participle · passive |  | Little Nightingale |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **want** | present | our Gracious Emperor | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  | before Emperor |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before he=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘No; that is a cow mooing!’ said the little kitchenmaid. ‘We are still a long way off!’

<!-- .note -->
From The Yellow Fairy Book.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ‘No; that is a cow mooing!’ said the little kitchenmaid.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:kitchenmaid:x2:1
# text = ‘No; that is a cow mooing!’ said the little kitchenmaid.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	mooing	moo	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	kitchenmaid	kitchenmaid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that | a cow |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **moo** | gerund | a cow *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a cow | the little kitchenmaid |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent kitchenmaid=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ‘We are still a long way off!’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:kitchenmaid:x2:2
# text = ‘We are still a long way off!’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	off	off	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | We | a long way |  |  | still | off *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘No, no; those are frogs!’ said the little kitchenmaid. ‘But I think we shall soon hear her now!’

<!-- .note -->
From The Yellow Fairy Book.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ‘No, no; those are frogs!’ said the little kitchenmaid.

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:kitchenmaid:x3:1
# text = ‘No, no; those are frogs!’ said the little kitchenmaid.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	kitchenmaid	kitchenmaid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | that frogs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | that frogs | the little kitchenmaid |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent kitchenmaid=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ‘But I think we shall soon hear her now!’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:kitchenmaid:x3:2
# text = ‘But I think we shall soon hear her now!’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
9	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | shall | we | her *= she* |  |  | now | soon *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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