---
title: knowest — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «knowest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: «knowest» means «you know», a form of «know». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# knowest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, form, your, thou, he, I · **What happens:** know, mean, be, learn, tell, mind · **To what, where:** something, mind, fact, able men, men, thou · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«knowest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [knowest in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/knowest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«knowest» means «you know», a form of «know».

<!-- fold The tree, 8 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:knowest:m1:1
# text = «knowest» means «you know», a form of «know».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **know** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **know** *in a quote* | infinitive | a form *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To know something is to have it in your mind as a fact, because you learned it or were told.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:knowest:m1e:1
# text = To know something is to have it in your mind as a fact, because you learned it or were told.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | your mind as a fact |  | have *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **learn** | past | you | fact |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V» |
| 5 | **mind** |  | your |  |  |  |  | as a fact | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent as=obl |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And if thou knowest any able men among them, then make them rulers over my cattle.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.47.6, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:knowest:x1:1
# text = And if thou knowest any able men among them, then make them rulers over my cattle.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	among	among	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	over	over	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | thou | any able men |  |  |  | among men *= man* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | men *= man* |  |  | then | over my cattle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset they=Beneficiary ruler=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Say, knowest thou aught of Mabon?"

<!-- .note -->
From Celtic Fairy Tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:knowest:x2:1
# text = Say, knowest thou aught of Mabon?"
1	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	obj	_	_
5	aught	aught	PRON	NN	PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Mabon	Mabon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | present |  | thou |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said unto him: 'Thou knowest how I have served thee, and how thy cattle have fared with me.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.30.29, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:knowest:x3:1
# text = And he said unto him: 'Thou knowest how I have served thee, and how thy cattle have fared with me.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nsubj	_	_
9	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
14	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
18	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	fared	fare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  | unto him *= he* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **know** | present | Thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **serve** | present · perfect | I | thee |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Attribute |
| 4 | **fare** | present · perfect · passive |  | thy cattle |  |  |  | with me | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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