---
title: lovingkindness — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lovingkindness» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A deep, faithful and enduring love and kindness. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lovingkindness

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**Who acts:** I, people, Thou, according, LORD · **What happens:** pray, accord, have, forgive, be, mean · **To what, where:** Thee, people, Egypt, lovingkindness, iniquity

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«lovingkindness» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lovingkindness in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/lovingkindness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deep, faithful and enduring love and kindness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:lovingkindness:m1:1
# text = A deep, faithful and enduring love and kindness.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	enduring	enduring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
7	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pardon, I pray Thee, the iniquity of this people according unto the greatness of Thy lovingkindness, and according as Thou hast forgiven this people, from Egypt even until now.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah NUM.14.19, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:lovingkindness:x1:1
# text = Pardon, I pray Thee, the iniquity of this people according unto the greatness of Thy lovingkindness, and according as Thou hast forgiven this people, from Egypt even until now.'
1	Pardon	pardon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	according	accord	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	greatness	greatness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	lovingkindness	lovingkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	according	accord	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	csubj:pass	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	nsubj	_	_
24	hast	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
25	forgiven	forgive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
26	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	from	from	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
31	even	even	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
32	until	until	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | I | Thee |  |  |  | Pardon *vocative*; the iniquity of this people *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund | this people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the greatness of Thy lovingkindness | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **have** | present | Thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **forgive** | participle | according | this people |  | Egypt |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The LORD is slow to anger, and plenteous in lovingkindness, forgiving iniquity and transgression, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, upon the third and upon the fourth generation.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah NUM.14.18, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 40 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:lovingkindness:x2:1
# text = The LORD is slow to anger, and plenteous in lovingkindness, forgiving iniquity and transgression, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, upon the third and upon the fourth generation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	plenteous	plenteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lovingkindness	lovingkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	forgiving	forgive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
14	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	transgression	transgression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	nsubj	_	_
20	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	20	obl	_	_
23	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
24	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	visiting	visit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	conj	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
34	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
38	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	28	parataxis	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
42	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	45	amod	_	_
45	generation	generation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the LORD *not said here* |  |  | lovingkindness |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **forgive** | gerund | the LORD *not said here* | iniquity and transgression |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iniquity=Theme |
| 4 | **mean** | future |  |  |  |  |  | clear *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **visit** | gerund |  | the iniquity of the fathers upon the children |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iniquity=Co-Agent |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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