---
title: naught — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «naught» in the Early Modern English dictionary: Not any thing; nothing at all. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# naught

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**Who acts:** naught, next court, young man, father · **What happens:** say, pay, do, wonder, be, forsake · **To what, where:** wife, reverence, naught, aught · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«naught» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [naught in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/naught.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not any thing; nothing at all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:naught:m1:1
# text = Not any thing; nothing at all.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	appos	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Hasn't thou naught for supper, dame?" said he to his wife.

<!-- .note -->
From More English Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:naught:x1:1
# text = "Hasn't thou naught for supper, dame?" said he to his wife.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
5	naught	naught	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	12	nsubj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	supper	supper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	dame	dame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | naught |  | his wife |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to wife=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The next court you shall pay reverence to, but do naught nor say aught.

<!-- .note -->
From More English Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:naught:x2:1
# text = The next court you shall pay reverence to, but do naught nor say aught.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	reverence	reverence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
12	naught	naught	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	11	obj	_	_
13	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	14	cc	_	_
14	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
15	aught	aught	PRON	NN	PronType=Ind	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | shall | the next court | reverence |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reverence=Asset |
| 2 | **do** | infinitive |  | naught |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent naught=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | aught |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent aught=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Alas!” said the young man, “her father is a wandering good-for-naught, who has forsaken wife and child, and gone off—who knows where?

<!-- .note -->
From The Crimson Fairy Book.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:naught:x3:1
# text = “Alas!” said the young man, “her father is a wandering good-for-naught, who has forsaken wife and child, and gone off—who knows where?
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
15	wandering	wonder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	nsubj	_	_
16	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	naught	naught	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
23	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	forsaken	forsake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	acl	_	_
25	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
31	off	off	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj	_	_
34	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
35	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	34	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | the young man |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **wonder** *speech: ask* *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | her father |  |  |  |  | for naught | tree rules |
| 4 | **forsake** *in a quote* | present · perfect |  | wife and child |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go off** *in a quote* | participle | the young man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **know** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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