---
title: naughty — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «naughty» in the Early Modern English dictionary: Bad, worthless or wicked; of no value. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# naughty

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**Who acts:** I, you, Fie · **What happens:** not know, be, say · **To what, where:** her, boy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«naughty» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [naughty in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/naughty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bad, worthless or wicked; of no value.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:naughty:m1:1
# text = Bad, worthless or wicked; of no value.
1	Bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	worthless	worthless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I never knew her so naughty before.”

<!-- .note -->
From Peter Pan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:naughty:x1:1
# text = I never knew her so naughty before.”
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	naughty	naughty	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	before	before	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **know** | past | I | her *= she* |  |  |  | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You naughty children--how could you be so disobedient?

<!-- .note -->
From The Book of Dragons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:naughty:x2:1
# text = You naughty children--how could you be so disobedient?
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	naughty	naughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	disobedient	disobedient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | could | you |  |  |  |  | disobedient *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Fie!” said he. “How naughty a boy Cupid is!

<!-- .note -->
From Andersen's Fairy Tales.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* “Fie!” said he.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:naughty:x3:1
# text = “Fie!” said he.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Fie	fie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Fie |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* “How naughty a boy Cupid is!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:naughty:x3:2
# text = “How naughty a boy Cupid is!
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
3	naughty	naughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	Cupid	Cupid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | a boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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