---
title: nephew — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nephew» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A grandson, or a male descendant; in old texts also a close younger male relative. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nephew

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**Who acts:** he, story, dear little uncle · **What happens:** say, give, call, be · **To what, where:** hope, me, nephew, Arthur · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«nephew» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nephew in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/nephew.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grandson, or a male descendant; in old texts also a close younger male relative.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:nephew:m1:1
# text = A grandson, or a male descendant; in old texts also a close younger male relative.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grandson	grandson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	descendant	descendant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	_
12	also	also	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
15	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
16	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"My dear nephew," he said, "your story gives me some hope.

<!-- .note -->
From The Arabian Nights Entertainments.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:nephew:x1:1
# text = "My dear nephew," he said, "your story gives me some hope.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	nephew	nephew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	iobj	_	_
15	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** *in a quote* | present | your story | some hope | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient hope=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Your dear little uncle, your very sweet nephew, you call me!

<!-- .note -->
From Indian Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:nephew:x2:1
# text = "Your dear little uncle, your very sweet nephew, you call me!
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
3	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	nephew	nephew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *in a quote* | present | Your dear little uncle  your sweet nephew |  | me |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was nephew to Arthur, the son of his sister, and his cousin.

<!-- .note -->
From Celtic Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:nephew:x3:1
# text = He was nephew to Arthur, the son of his sister, and his cousin.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	nephew	nephew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Arthur	Arthur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | nephew and Arthur's cousin | Arthur |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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