---
title: overlay — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «overlay» in the Early Modern English dictionary: To cover a surface with a thin layer of precious metal, such as gold plating. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# overlay

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**Who acts:** thou · **What happens:** cover, make, overlay · **To what, where:** surface, staves

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«overlay» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [overlay in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/overlay.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cover a surface with a thin layer of precious metal, such as gold plating.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:overlay:m1:1
# text = To cover a surface with a thin layer of precious metal, such as gold plating.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	plating	plating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | to-infinitive |  | a surface |  |  |  | with a thin layer of precious metal and gold plating | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent surface=Destination with layer=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt make staves of acacia-wood, and overlay them with gold.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.25.13, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:overlay:x1:1
# text = And thou shalt make staves of acacia-wood, and overlay them with gold.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	staves	stave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	acacia	acacia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	overlay	overlay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | shall | thou | staves of acacia wood |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stave=Product |
| 2 | **overlay** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | staves *= stave* |  |  |  | with gold | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt make the staves of acacia-wood, and overlay them with gold.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.30.5, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:overlay:x2:1
# text = And thou shalt make the staves of acacia-wood, and overlay them with gold.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	staves	stave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	acacia	acacia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	overlay	overlay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | shall | thou | the staves of acacia wood |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stave=Product |
| 2 | **overlay** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | staves *= stave* |  |  |  | with gold | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of acacia-wood, and overlay them with brass.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.27.6, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:overlay:x3:1
# text = And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of acacia-wood, and overlay them with brass.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	staves	stave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	altar	altar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	staves	stave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	acacia	acacia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	overlay	overlay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | shall | thou | staves |  |  |  | for the altar and staves of acacia wood | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent stave=Product for altar=Asset |
| 2 | **overlay** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | staves *= stave* |  |  |  | with brass | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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