---
title: provender — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «provender» in the Early Modern English dictionary: Dry food for horses and farm animals, such as hay, straw or oats. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# provender

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, We, Laidly Worm, milk, man, they · **What happens:** say, have, lodge in, require, be, bring · **To what, where:** straw, milk, ordinary provender, men, house, water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«provender» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [provender in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/provender.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dry food for horses and farm animals, such as hay, straw or oats.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:provender:m1:1
# text = Dry food for horses and farm animals, such as hay, straw or oats.
1	Dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	oats	oat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She said moreover unto him: 'We have both straw and provender enough, and room to lodge in.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.24.25, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:provender:x1:1
# text = She said moreover unto him: 'We have both straw and provender enough, and room to lodge in.'
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	moreover	moreover	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	provender	provender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	lodge	lodge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | She |  |  |  |  | unto him *= he*; moreover *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | We | both straw and provender |  |  |  | room *obl*; enough *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent straw=Patient |
| 3 | **lodge in** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The Laidly Worm of Spindleston Heugh" (No. xxxiii.) also requires the milk of nine kye for its daily rations, and cow's milk is the ordinary provender of such kittle cattle (Grimms' Teut.

<!-- .note -->
From More English Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:provender:x2:1
# text = "The Laidly Worm of Spindleston Heugh" (No. xxxiii.) also requires the milk of nine kye for its daily rations, and cow's milk is the ordinary provender of such kittle cattle (Grimms' Teut.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Laidly	Laidly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Worm	Worm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Spindleston	Spindleston	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Heugh	Heugh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	No.	No.	PROPN	NNP	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	xxxiii	xxxiii	NUM	LS	_	10	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
14	also	also	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	kye	kye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	daily	daily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	rations	ration	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
27	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	's	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	provender	provender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
36	kittle	kittle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
38	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	Grimms	grimm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	'	's	PART	POS	_	39	case	_	_
41	Teut	Teut	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | the Laidly Worm of Spindleston Heugh | the milk of nine kye for Worm's daily rations |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme milk=Precondition |
| 2 | **is a** | present | cow's milk | the ordinary provender |  |  |  | of such kittle cattle and Grimms | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the man brought the men into Joseph's house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet; and he gave their asses provender.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.43.24, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:provender:x3:1
# text = And the man brought the men into Joseph's house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet; and he gave their asses provender.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	iobj	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	washed	wash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	asses	ass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
28	provender	provender	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the man | the men |  | Joseph's house |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent man=Theme into house=Destination |
| 2 | **give** | past | the man *not said here* | water | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient water=Theme |
| 3 | **wash** | past | they | their feet |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient |
| 4 | **give** | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **provender** | present | feet's asses |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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