---
title: quoth — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «quoth» in the Early Modern English dictionary: Said; a form of "say" used in old tales, with the speaker placed after it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# quoth

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** form, you, it, Ho, allies · **What happens:** say, use, place, quoth, be, come · **To what, where:** old tales, speaker, she, wee bannock, goodwife, allies · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«quoth» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [quoth in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/quoth.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Said; a form of "say" used in old tales, with the speaker placed after it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:quoth:m1:1
# text = Said; a form of "say" used in old tales, with the speaker placed after it.
1	Said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	xcomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	after	after	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle | a form |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive | a form *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **use** | participle | a form *not said here* |  |  | old tales with the speaker |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **place** | participle |  | the speaker *not said here* |  |  | after form |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Oh," quoth she, "it's a wee bannock."

<!-- .note -->
From More English Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 8 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:quoth:x1:1
# text = "Oh," quoth she, "it's a wee bannock."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	_
5	quoth	quoth	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	wee	wee	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bannock	bannock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **quoth** | imperative | you *not said here* | she |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | it | a wee bannock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Ho, Jock," quoth the goodwife, "here come.

<!-- .note -->
From More English Fairy Tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:quoth:x2:1
# text = "Ho, Jock," quoth the goodwife, "here come.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ho	Ho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Jock	Jock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	_
7	quoth	quoth	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	goodwife	goodwife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
13	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **quoth** | infinitive | Ho and Jock | the goodwife |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** *in a quote* | infinitive | Ho and Jock *not said here* |  |  | here |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Aha, it has allies," quoth the Fowl.

<!-- .note -->
From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:quoth:x3:1
# text = "Aha, it has allies," quoth the Fowl.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Aha	aha	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	allies	ally	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	quoth	quoth	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Fowl	Fowl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present | it | allies |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ally=Patient |
| 2 | **quoth** | infinitive | allies *not said here* | the Fowl |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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