---
title: refuseth — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refuseth» in the Early Modern English dictionary: «refuseth» means «refuses», a form of «refuse». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refuseth

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, LORD, heart, people, princes, Balaam · **What happens:** refuse, mean, form, say, not do, ask · **To what, where:** refuses, refuse, something, you, land, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«refuseth» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refuseth in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/refuseth.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«refuseth» means «refuses», a form of «refuse».

<!-- fold The tree, 7 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:refuseth:m1:1
# text = «refuseth» means «refuses», a form of «refuse».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	refuseth	refuse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	refuses	refuse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	refuse	refuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  | refuses |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refuse=Topic |
| 3 | **form** |  |  | refuse |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refuse means to say no, or to not do something you are asked to do.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:refuseth:m1e:1
# text = To refuse means to say no, or to not do something you are asked to do.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obj	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	asked	ask	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **do** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 5 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Pharaoh's heart is stubborn, he refuseth to let the people go.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.7.14, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:refuseth:x1:1
# text = And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Pharaoh's heart is stubborn, he refuseth to let the people go.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	refuseth	refuse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	ccomp	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto Moses | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Pharaoh's heart |  |  |  |  | stubborn *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **refuse** | present | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **let** | to-infinitive | LORD *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | present | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the princes of Moab rose up, and they went unto Balak, and said: 'Balaam refuseth to come with us.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah NUM.22.14, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:refuseth:x2:1
# text = And the princes of Moab rose up, and they went unto Balak, and said: 'Balaam refuseth to come with us.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Balak	Balak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Balaam	Balaam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	refuseth	refuse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise up** | past | the princes of Moab |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go** | past | princes *= prince* |  |  |  |  | unto Balak | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **refuse** | present | Balaam |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **come** | to-infinitive | Balaam *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with us | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Balaam rose up in the morning, and said unto the princes of Balak: 'Get you into your land; for the LORD refuseth to give me leave to go with you.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah NUM.22.13, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:refuseth:x3:1
# text = And Balaam rose up in the morning, and said unto the princes of Balak: 'Get you into your land; for the LORD refuseth to give me leave to go with you.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Balaam	Balaam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Balak	Balak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
27	refuseth	refuse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	iobj	_	_
31	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	xcomp	_	_
34	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise up** | past | Balaam |  |  |  | morning |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Balaam *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the princes of Balak | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **get** | infinitive | Balaam *not said here* | you |  | your land |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |
| 4 | **refuse** | present | Balaam *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the LORD | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **give** | to-infinitive | Balaam *not said here* |  | me |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **leave** | infinitive | Balaam *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **go** | to-infinitive | Balaam *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with you | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with you=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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