---
title: saith — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «saith» in the Early Modern English dictionary: He says or declares; the speaker is telling you what someone says. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# saith

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, speaker, someone, thou, Israel, son · **What happens:** say, declare, tell, be, bear, hear · **To what, where:** you, LORD, son, My, Nag, midst · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«saith» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [saith in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/saith.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He says or declares; the speaker is telling you what someone says.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:saith:m1:1
# text = He says or declares; the speaker is telling you what someone says.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	declares	declare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
13	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **declare** *speech: other* | present | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · progressive | the speaker |  | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh: Thus saith the LORD: Israel is My son, My first-born.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.4.22, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:saith:x1:1
# text = And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh: Thus saith the LORD: Israel is My son, My first-born.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | thou |  |  |  |  | unto Pharaoh | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | the LORD |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lord=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Israel | My son |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bear** | participle · passive | My son *not said here* | My |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hear what little Red-Eye saith: “Nag, come up and dance with death!”

<!-- .note -->
From The Jungle Book.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:saith:x2:1
# text = Hear what little Red-Eye saith: “Nag, come up and dance with death!”
1	Hear	hear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Red	Red	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Eye	Eye	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Nag	nag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
13	up	up	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	dance	dance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | little Red and Eye | Nag |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme nag=Manner |
| 3 | **come up** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **dance** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with death | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Moses said: 'Thus saith the LORD: About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt;

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.11.4, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:saith:x3:1
# text = And Moses said: 'Thus saith the LORD: About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	About	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
13	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
16	out	out	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Moses |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | the LORD |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lord=Topic |
| 3 | **go out** | future | I |  |  | the midst of Egypt | midnight | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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