---
title: sayst — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sayst» in the Early Modern English dictionary: «sayst» means «you say», a form of «say»: To say is to speak words: «Say hello.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sayst

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**Who acts:** sayst, you, form, words, it · **What happens:** mean, say, be, come · **To what, where:** sayst · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«sayst» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sayst in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/sayst.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«sayst» means «you say», a form of «say»: To say is to speak words: «Say hello.».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:sayst:m1:1
# text = «sayst» means «you say», a form of «say»: To say is to speak words: «Say hello.».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	sayst	sayst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	To	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	ccomp	_	_
22	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
26	hello	hello	INTJ	UH	_	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | sayst |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive | a form *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **is** | present | words |  |  |  |  | speak *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hello=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And did it come true, sayst thou?

<!-- .note -->
From More English Fairy Tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:sayst:x1:1
# text = And did it come true, sayst thou?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	sayst	sayst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past · do-support | it | sayst  thou |  |  |  | true *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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