---
title: sing — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sing» in the Early Modern English dictionary: To make music with your voice; in the Torah, to sing a song of praise to someone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sing

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**Who acts:** praise, Miriam, horse · **What happens:** make, sing, spring up, exalt, have, throw · **To what, where:** music, Torah, song, Israel, ye, LORD

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«sing» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sing in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/sing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make music with your voice; in the Torah, to sing a song of praise to someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:sing:m1:1
# text = To make music with your voice; in the Torah, to sing a song of praise to someone.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
3	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	sing	sing	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | music |  | the Torah |  | with your voice | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset music=Product |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  | a song of praise to someone |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 3 | **sing** |  | praise to someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then sang Israel this song: Spring up, O well — sing ye unto it —

<!-- .note -->
From Torah NUM.21.17, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:sing:x1:1
# text = Then sang Israel this song: Spring up, O well — sing ye unto it —
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Spring	spring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	O	O	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	vocative	_	_
11	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	sing	sing	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	obj	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
17	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past |  | this song | Israel |  | then |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent israel=Beneficiary song=Theme |
| 2 | **spring up** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | O *vocative*; well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | infinitive |  | ye |  |  |  | unto song | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ye=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What song could the Ranunculus sing?

<!-- .note -->
From Andersen's Fairy Tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:sing:x2:1
# text = What song could the Ranunculus sing?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Ranunculus	Ranunculus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sing	sing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Miriam sang unto them: Sing ye to the LORD, for He is highly exalted: the horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.15.21, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:sing:x3:1
# text = And Miriam sang unto them: Sing ye to the LORD, for He is highly exalted: the horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Miriam	Miriam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
8	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	highly	highly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	exalted	exalt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	rider	rider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
24	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
25	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	xcomp	_	_
27	into	into	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Miriam |  |  |  |  | unto them *= they* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | infinitive | Miriam *not said here* | ye | the LORD |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent ye=Topic to lord=Recipient |
| 3 | **exalt** | present · passive |  | Miriam |  |  |  | highly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **have** | present | the horse and Miriam's rider |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **throw** | participle | Miriam |  |  |  |  | into the sea *result* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer into sea=Result |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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