---
title: speakest — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «speakest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: «speakest» means «you speak», a form of «speak»: To say words out loud; to talk. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# speakest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, words, Arthur, thou, Kilweh, I · **What happens:** speak, mean, say, talk, form, not hear · **To what, where:** speak, messengers, search, Arthur, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«speakest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [speakest in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/speakest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«speakest» means «you speak», a form of «speak»: To say words out loud; to talk.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:speakest:m1:1
# text = «speakest» means «you speak», a form of «speak»: To say words out loud; to talk.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	speakest	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	speak	speak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	To	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	out	out	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	loud	loud	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	talk	talk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | words |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **talk** | to-infinitive | words *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **form** |  |  | speak |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Speak clearly."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:speakest:m1e:1
# text = "Speak clearly."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Speak	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then said Arthur, "O chieftain, I have never heard of the maiden of whom thou speakest, nor of her kindred, but I will gladly send messengers in search of her."

<!-- .note -->
From Celtic Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:speakest:x1:1
# text = Then said Arthur, "O chieftain, I have never heard of the maiden of whom thou speakest, nor of her kindred, but I will gladly send messengers in search of her."
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Arthur	Arthur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	_
7	chieftain	chieftain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nmod	_	_
18	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nsubj	_	_
19	speakest	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	24	cc	_	_
22	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	kindred	kindred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	gladly	gladly	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
31	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	search	search	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	30	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Arthur |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **hear** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Arthur |  |  |  |  | of the maiden | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of maiden=Stimulus |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **send** *in a quote* | future | Arthur | messengers |  | search of Arthur |  | gladly *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme in search=Destination |
| 5 | **search** *in a quote* |  |  | Arthur |  |  |  |  | nom search «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘O Kilweh,’ said Arthur, ‘never have I heard of the maiden of whom thou speakest, nor of her kindred, but I will send messengers to seek her if thou wilt give me time.’

<!-- .note -->
From The Lilac Fairy Book.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:speakest:x2:1
# text = ‘O Kilweh,’ said Arthur, ‘never have I heard of the maiden of whom thou speakest, nor of her kindred, but I will send messengers to seek her if thou wilt give me time.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
3	Kilweh	Kilweh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Arthur	Arthur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
9	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nmod	_	_
19	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nsubj	_	_
20	speakest	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	25	cc	_	_
23	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	kindred	kindred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
31	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	seek	seek	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	advcl	_	_
34	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
36	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	38	nsubj	_	_
37	wilt	will	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
38	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	advcl	_	_
39	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	38	iobj	_	_
40	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Kilweh |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  | of the maiden | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of maiden=Stimulus |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **send** | future | I | messengers |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme |
| 5 | **seek** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | Arthur |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
| 6 | **give** *a condition, not said to happen* | future | thou |  | me |  | time |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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