---
title: standest — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «standest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: «standest» means «you stand», a form of «stand». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# standest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, He, thou, place, I · **What happens:** stand, mean, be, say, not draw, put off · **To what, where:** feet, shoes, holy ground, thou, house, room · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«standest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [standest in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/standest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«standest» means «you stand», a form of «stand».

<!-- fold The tree, 8 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:standest:m1:1
# text = «standest» means «you stand», a form of «stand».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	standest	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stand** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stand** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stand is to be on your feet with your body upright.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:standest:m1e:1
# text = To stand is to be on your feet with your body upright.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with your body | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | your feet |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And He said: 'Draw not nigh hither; put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.3.5, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:standest:x1:1
# text = And He said: 'Draw not nigh hither; put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
8	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
12	off	off	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	off	off	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
23	whereon	whereon	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nsubj	_	_
25	standest	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **draw** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | hither, nigh *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **put off** | participle |  | thy shoes |  | thy feet |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent shoe=Goal |
| 4 | **stand** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | whereon *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present | the place | holy ground |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said: 'Come in, thou blessed of the LORD; wherefore standest thou without? for I have cleared the house, and made room for the camels.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.24.31, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:standest:x2:1
# text = And he said: 'Come in, thou blessed of the LORD; wherefore standest thou without? for I have cleared the house, and made room for the camels.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nsubj	_	_
10	blessed	bless	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
16	standest	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	obj	_	_
18	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
20	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	cleared	clear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
29	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	camels	camel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come in** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bless** | past | thou |  |  |  |  | of the LORD | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stand** | present | he *not said here* | thou |  |  |  | wherefore *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus |
| 5 | **clear** | present · perfect | I | the house |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent house=Source |
| 6 | **make** | past | he *not said here* | room |  |  |  | for the camels | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent room=Product for camel=Asset |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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