---
title: stranger — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stranger» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A person who is not from the land and lives among its people without being one of their family or nation. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stranger

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**Who acts:** person, ye, Howdy, he · **What happens:** not be, live, be, exclaim, curse · **To what, where:** land

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«stranger» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stranger in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/stranger.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who is not from the land and lives among its people without being one of their family or nation.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:stranger:m1:1
# text = A person who is not from the land and lives among its people without being one of their family or nation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	among	among	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	without	without	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	cop	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | a person |  |  | the land |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | among person's people | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among people=Location |
| 3 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | without one; of people's family or nation | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Love ye therefore the stranger; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah DEU.10.19, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:stranger:x1:1
# text = Love ye therefore the stranger; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
1	Love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
3	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	strangers	stranger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | ye |  |  | the land of Egypt |  | for strangers | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Howdy, Daddy Ben?" the stranger exclaimed.

<!-- .note -->
From Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:stranger:x2:1
# text = "Howdy, Daddy Ben?" the stranger exclaimed.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Howdy	howdy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	Daddy	Daddy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | Howdy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cursed be he that perverteth the justice due to the stranger, fatherless, and widow.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah DEU.27.19, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:stranger:x3:1
# text = Cursed be he that perverteth the justice due to the stranger, fatherless, and widow.
1	Cursed	curse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	perverteth	pervert	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	justice	justice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curse** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | he |  |  |  |  | due the stranger; pervert *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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