---
title: thou — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «thou» in the Early Modern English dictionary: You, used as the subject when speaking to one person. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# thou

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**Who acts:** thou · **What happens:** use, speak, make, hang · **To what, where:** You, settings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«thou» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [thou in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/thou.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You, used as the subject when speaking to one person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:thou:m1:1
# text = You, used as the subject when speaking to one person.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
8	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle · passive |  | You |  |  |  | as the subject | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to one person | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to person=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt make settings of gold;

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.28.13, JPS 1917.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:thou:x1:1
# text = And thou shalt make settings of gold;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	settings	setting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | shall | thou | settings of gold |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset setting=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Falada, Falada, there thou art hanging!"

<!-- .note -->
From Grimm's Fairy Stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:thou:x2:1
# text = "Falada, Falada, there thou art hanging!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Falada	Falada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Falada	Falada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	_
7	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	nsubj	_	_
8	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
9	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And who canst thou place before the only one?

<!-- .note -->
From Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:thou:x3:1
# text = And who canst thou place before the only one?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
3	canst	can	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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