---
title: trespass — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «trespass» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A wrong done against someone, or a sin against God. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# trespass

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**Who acts:** Jacob, trespass, you, man, men, soul · **What happens:** do, answer, say, be, pursue, speak · **To what, where:** sin, Laban, trespass, that, matter, neighbour · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«trespass» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [trespass in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/trespass.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wrong done against someone, or a sin against God.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:trespass:m1:1
# text = A wrong done against someone, or a sin against God.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	csubj:pass	_	_
3	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle |  | a sin against God |  |  |  | against someone | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Jacob answered and said to Laban: 'What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast hotly pursued after me?

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.31.36, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:trespass:x1:1
# text = And Jacob answered and said to Laban: 'What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast hotly pursued after me?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Laban	Laban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	trespass	trespass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	nsubj	_	_
21	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	hotly	hotly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	pursued	pursue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
25	after	after	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Jacob |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jacob *not said here* |  | Laban |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to laban=Recipient |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | my trespass |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | present | my trespass | my sin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **pursue** | present · perfect · passive |  | that |  |  | after me | hotly *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Speak unto the children of Israel: When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to commit a trespass against the LORD, and that soul be guilty;

<!-- .note -->
From Torah NUM.5.6, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:trespass:x2:1
# text = Speak unto the children of Israel: When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to commit a trespass against the LORD, and that soul be guilty;
1	Speak	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
8	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	commit	commit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
15	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	commit	commit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	commit	commit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	trespass	trespass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	against	against	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
30	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	31	det	_	_
31	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
32	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	cop	_	_
33	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the children of Israel | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **commit** | shall | a man or woman | any sin |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sin=Theme |
| 3 | **commit** | present | men | any sin |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |
| 4 | **commit** | to-infinitive | a man or woman *not said here* | a trespass |  |  |  | against the LORD | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trespass=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | infinitive | that soul |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If any one sin, and commit a trespass against the LORD, and deal falsely with his neighbour in a matter of deposit, or of pledge, or of robbery, or have oppressed his neighbour;

<!-- .note -->
From Torah LEV.6.2, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:trespass:x3:1
# text = If any one sin, and commit a trespass against the LORD, and deal falsely with his neighbour in a matter of deposit, or of pledge, or of robbery, or have oppressed his neighbour;
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
2	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	commit	commit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trespass	trespass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	deal	deal	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	falsely	falsely	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	deposit	deposit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	pledge	pledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	robbery	robbery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	aux	_	_
36	oppressed	oppress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	parataxis	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **commit** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive | any one sin | a trespass |  |  |  | against the LORD | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trespass=Theme |
| 2 | **deal** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a matter of deposit |  | with sin's neighbour; falsely *property* | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with neighbour=Theme |
| 3 | **oppress** | infinitive · perfect |  | sin's neighbour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **matter** |  | deposit |  |  |  |  |  | nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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