---
title: troth — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «troth» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A solemn promise or pledge of faith; "my troth" or "on my troth" is an old oath meaning truly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# troth

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**Who acts:** solemn promise, old oath, Oonagh, I, they · **What happens:** be, mean, pledge, reply, bring, say · **To what, where:** old oath, faith, troth, you, she, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«troth» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [troth in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/troth.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A solemn promise or pledge of faith; "my troth" or "on my troth" is an old oath meaning truly.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:troth:m1:1
# text = A solemn promise or pledge of faith; "my troth" or "on my troth" is an old oath meaning truly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	solemn	solemn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pledge	pledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	troth	troth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	troth	troth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
23	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	acl	_	_
24	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a solemn promise or pledge of faith and my troth or my troth | a old oath |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | a old oath *not said here* |  |  |  |  | truly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **pledge** |  |  | faith |  |  |  |  | nom pledge «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Be easy, Fin," replied Oonagh; "troth, I'm ashamed of you.

<!-- .note -->
From Celtic Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:troth:x1:1
# text = "Be easy, Fin," replied Oonagh; "troth, I'm ashamed of you.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	cop	_	_
3	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Fin	Fin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Oonagh	Oonagh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	troth	troth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	ashamed	ashamed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | Oonagh | troth |  |  |  |  | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Oonagh | troth *not said here* |  |  |  | of you; ashamed *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"On my troth I will bring you to good water," says she.

<!-- .note -->
From Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:troth:x2:1
# text = "On my troth I will bring you to good water," says she.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	troth	troth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	ccomp	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
14	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** *in a quote* | future | I | you |  | my troth |  | to good water | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent you=Theme on troth=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | she |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when they were young they loved one another and plighted their troth.

<!-- .note -->
From More English Fairy Tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:troth:x3:1
# text = And when they were young they loved one another and plighted their troth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	fixed	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	plighted	plight	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	troth	troth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | they |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **love** | past | they | one |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |
| 3 | **plight** | participle | they *not said here* | their troth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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