---
title: turtle — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «turtle» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A small wild dove, not a reptile. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# turtle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** he, you, his · **What happens:** offer, mean, fly, be, bring · **To what, where:** one, suffice, sky, burnt offering, offering, turtle doves

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«turtle» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [turtle in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/turtle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small wild dove, not a reptile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:turtle:m1:1
# text = A small wild dove, not a reptile.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	dove	dove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	reptile	reptile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he shall offer one of the turtle-doves, or of the young pigeons, such as his means suffice for;

<!-- .note -->
From Torah LEV.14.30, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:turtle:x1:1
# text = And he shall offer one of the turtle-doves, or of the young pigeons, such as his means suffice for;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	doves	dove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	21	mark	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
22	suffice	suffice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | shall | he | one of the turtle doves |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  | suffice |  |  |  | of the young pigeons | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent suffice=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Hither, thither, through the sky, turtle-doves and linnets, fly!

<!-- .note -->
From Grimm's Fairy Stories.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:turtle:x2:1
# text = "Hither, thither, through the sky, turtle-doves and linnets, fly!
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	doves	dove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	linnets	linnet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
16	fly	fly	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the sky and turtle doves and linnets |  | thither *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through sky=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And if his offering to the LORD be a burnt-offering of fowls, then he shall bring his offering of turtle-doves, or of young pigeons.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah LEV.1.14, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:turtle:x3:1
# text = And if his offering to the LORD be a burnt-offering of fowls, then he shall bring his offering of turtle-doves, or of young pigeons.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	burnt	burnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	fowls	fowl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	doves	dove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | infinitive |  | a burnt offering |  |  |  | to the LORD; of fowls | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | shall | he | his offering of turtle doves or young pigeons |  |  | then |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent offering=Theme |
| 3 | **offer** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **offer** |  | his *= he* | turtle doves |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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