---
title: urchin — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «urchin» in the Early Modern English dictionary: A poor or mischievous child, or in the first sentence a hedgehog. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# urchin

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**Who acts:** They, he, two street urchins · **What happens:** be, say, play, wade, pick up · **To what, where:** herb, fourth glass, mischief maker, such things, gutter, old nails · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«urchin» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [urchin in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/urchin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A poor or mischievous child, or in the first sentence a hedgehog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:urchin:m1:1
# text = A poor or mischievous child, or in the first sentence a hedgehog.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
11	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"In the fourth glass is neither herb, bird, nor urchin.

<!-- .note -->
From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:urchin:x1:1
# text = "In the fourth glass is neither herb, bird, nor urchin.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	8	cc:preconj	_	_
8	herb	herb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	13	cc	_	_
13	urchin	urchin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | herb and bird nor urchin |  | the fourth glass |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“They say he is a mischief-maker, a tramp, a street urchin--”

<!-- .note -->
From The Adventures of Pinocchio.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:urchin:x2:1
# text = “They say he is a mischief-maker, a tramp, a street urchin--”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	mischief	mischief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	maker	maker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tramp	tramp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	urchin	urchin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | he | a mischief maker and a tramp and a street urchin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One day two street-urchins were playing and wading in the gutter, picking up old nails, pennies, and such things.

<!-- .note -->
From The Yellow Fairy Book.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:urchin:x3:1
# text = One day two street-urchins were playing and wading in the gutter, picking up old nails, pennies, and such things.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
4	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	urchins	urchin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	wading	wade	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	gutter	gutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	picking	pick	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	parataxis	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	nails	nail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	pennies	penny	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past · progressive | two street urchins | such things |  |  | day |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **wade** | gerund | two street urchins *not said here* |  |  | the gutter |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in gutter=Trajectory |
| 3 | **pick up** | gerund |  | old nails and pennies |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nail=Topic |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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