---
title: victual — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «victual» in the Early Modern English dictionary: Food, or supplies of food for a journey. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# victual

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**Who acts:** he, Egypt, they, cakes · **What happens:** send in, lade, ass, bake, bring, not leaven · **To what, where:** ten asses, father, unleavened cakes, dough, Egypt, thrust

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«victual» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [victual in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/victual.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Food, or supplies of food for a journey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:victual:m1:1
# text = Food, or supplies of food for a journey.
1	Food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	supplies	supplies	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And to his father he sent in like manner ten asses laden with the good things of Egypt, and ten she-asses laden with corn and bread and victual for his father by the way.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.45.23, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:victual:x1:1
# text = And to his father he sent in like manner ten asses laden with the good things of Egypt, and ten she-asses laden with corn and bread and victual for his father by the way.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	asses	ass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
12	laden	lade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
22	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	asses	ass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	_
25	laden	lade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	victual	victual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
32	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	by	by	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send in** | past | he | ten asses | his father |  |  | like manner | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ass=Theme to father=Destination |
| 2 | **lade** | participle |  | ten asses *not said here* |  |  |  | with the good things of Egypt | tree rules |
| 3 | **ass** |  | Egypt |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **lade** | participle |  | ten asses *not said here* |  |  |  | with corn and bread and victual for his father; by the way | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.12.39, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:victual:x2:1
# text = And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	baked	bake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unleavened	unleavened	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	leavened	leaven	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	thrust	thrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
27	out	out	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	34	advmod	_	_
34	tarry	tarry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	37	cc:preconj	_	_
37	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
38	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
39	prepared	prepare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	ccomp	_	_
40	for	for	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	39	obl	_	_
42	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	43	det	_	_
43	victual	victual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | past | they | unleavened cakes of the dough |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Product |
| 2 | **bring** | past | cakes *= cake* | the dough |  | Egypt |  | forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent which=Theme out egypt=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **not** **leaven** | past · passive |  | dough |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
| 4 | **is a** | past | cakes *= cake* | thrust |  | Egypt |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **tarry** | could | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **have** | past | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **prepare** | past | cakes *= cake* | any victual |  |  |  | for cakes *= cake* | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent victual=Product for themselves=Beneficiary |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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