---
title: voice — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «voice» in the Early Modern English dictionary: The sound made when speaking; in "hearken to thy voice" it means a command or word that must be obeyed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# voice

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sound, they, Boat ahoy, Voice · **What happens:** make, speak, hearken, mean, obey, come · **To what, where:** sound, command, QUL · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«voice» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [voice in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/voice.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sound made when speaking; in "hearken to thy voice" it means a command or word that must be obeyed.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:voice:m1:1
# text = The sound made when speaking; in "hearken to thy voice" it means a command or word that must be obeyed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	obeyed	obey	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | the sound *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hearken** *in a quote* | infinitive | the sound |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **mean** | present | sound | a command or word |  |  |  | to thy voice | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot command=Theme to voice=Attribute |
| 5 | **obey** | must · passive |  | a command or word |  |  |  |  | vn abide\_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they shall hearken to thy voice.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah EXO.3.18, JPS 1917.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:voice:x1:1
# text = And they shall hearken to thy voice.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hearken** | shall | they |  |  |  |  | to thy voice | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Boat ahoy!” again came the voice.

<!-- .note -->
From Peter Pan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:voice:x2:1
# text = “Boat ahoy!” again came the voice.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ahoy	ahoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Boat ahoy |  |  |  | again |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Voice, Spirit and Word are QUL, RUCh.

<!-- .note -->
From Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:voice:x3:1
# text = The Voice, Spirit and Word are QUL, RUCh.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Voice	Voice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Spirit	Spirit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Word	Word	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	QUL	QUL	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	RUCh	RUCh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Voice and Spirit and Word | QUL and RUCh |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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