---
title: wert — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «wert» in the Early Modern English dictionary: You were; a form of "be" used with "thou". Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# wert

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** You, thou, mine, I · **What happens:** be, use, go on, go, sound, kiss · **To what, where:** form, doorway, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«wert» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [wert in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/wert.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You were; a form of "be" used with "thou".

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:wert:m1:1
# text = You were; a form of "be" used with "thou".
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | You | a form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | infinitive · passive | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rest there in peace, till thou art a wiser man than thou wert.’

<!-- .note -->
From Grimms' Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:wert:x1:1
# text = Rest there in peace, till thou art a wiser man than thou wert.’
1	Rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	nsubj	_	_
8	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	wiser	wise	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
14	wert	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Go on, go on--thou wert on the balcony, and went through the doorway, and then--”

<!-- .note -->
From Andersen's Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:wert:x2:1
# text = Go on, go on--thou wert on the balcony, and went through the doorway, and then--”
1	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	on	on	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	nsubj	_	_
8	wert	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	balcony	balcony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	through	through	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	doorway	doorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go on** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go on** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | past | you *not said here* |  |  | the doorway |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through doorway=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Mine! mine!" sounded around him, and within him; "I kissed thee when thou wert a little child.

<!-- .note -->
From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:wert:x3:1
# text = "Mine! mine!" sounded around him, and within him; "I kissed thee when thou wert a little child.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
4	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	sounded	sound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	within	within	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
18	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	obj	_	_
19	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
20	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nsubj	_	_
21	wert	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | past | mine |  |  |  |  | around him *= he* | tree rules |
| 2 | **kiss** *in a quote* | past | I | thee |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Co-Agent |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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