---
title: whereby — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «whereby» in the Early Modern English dictionary: By what means or by which thing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# whereby

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** he, I, this, lord, ye · **What happens:** mean, say, know, inherit, have, give · **To what, where:** it, something, you, me, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«whereby» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [whereby in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/whereby.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means or by which thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:whereby:m1:1
# text = By what means or by which thing.
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	7	det	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said: 'O Lord GOD, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it?'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.15.8, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:whereby:x1:1
# text = And he said: 'O Lord GOD, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	O	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	8	case	_	_
7	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	whereby	whereby	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
11	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	inherit	inherit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | shall | I |  |  |  |  | of Lord GOD; whereby *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **inherit** | shall | I | it |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And now I have something to give you whereby to remember me when I am gone.”

<!-- .note -->
From Japanese Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:whereby:x2:1
# text = And now I have something to give you whereby to remember me when I am gone.”
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	whereby	whereby	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
12	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	16	mark	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | something |  |  | now |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | something *not said here* | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 3 | **remember** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | me |  |  |  | whereby *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | gone *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, and whereby he indeed divineth? ye have done evil in so doing.'

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.44.5, JPS 1917.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:whereby:x3:1
# text = Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, and whereby he indeed divineth? ye have done evil in so doing.'
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	drinketh	drink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
12	whereby	whereby	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	divineth	divine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
17	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nsubj	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	parataxis	_	_
20	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
21	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present |  | this |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drink** | present | this |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **divine** | present | lord |  |  |  |  | indeed, whereby *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | present · perfect | ye |  |  |  |  | evil *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **do** | gerund | ye *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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