---
title: without — Early Modern English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «without» in the Early Modern English dictionary: Outside of; not inside a place (as in "without the city"). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# without

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** they · **What happens:** bring, set, run, say, represent, follow · **To what, where:** him, he, 21 combination · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«without» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [without in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/without.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Outside of; not inside a place (as in "without the city").

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:without:m1:1
# text = Outside of; not inside a place (as in "without the city").
1	Outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
5	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they brought him forth, and set him without the city.

<!-- .note -->
From Torah GEN.19.16, JPS 1917.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:without:x1:1
# text = And they brought him forth, and set him without the city.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | they |  | him *= he* |  |  | forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |
| 2 | **set** | infinitive | they *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  | without the city | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient he=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What runs without feet?" says he.

<!-- .note -->
From More English Fairy Tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:without:x2:1
# text = "What runs without feet?" says he.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | without feet | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | present |  | he |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
21) The combination of the twenty-two letters without permutation is represented in the following table:

<!-- .note -->
From Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:emode:without:x3:1
# text = 21) The combination of the twenty-two letters without permutation is represented in the following table:
1	21	21	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	1	punct	_	_
3	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	combination	combination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	permutation	permutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	represented	represent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	amod	_	_
18	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** | present · passive |  | the 21 combination of the two letters without permutation |  |  |  | in the following table | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme in table=Attribute |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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