---
title: apothecary — English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «apothecary» in the English dictionary: An apothecary was a person who made and sold medicines, like a chemist or pharmacist today. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# apothecary

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** apothecary, person, you, pharmacist, villain, Heaven · **What happens:** be, make, sell, give, mix, go · **To what, where:** person, medicines, simple medical advice, potion, apothecary, Rows · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«apothecary» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [apothecary in the English dictionary](https://dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/english/apothecary/).

## Everyday, meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An apothecary was a person who made and sold medicines, like a chemist or pharmacist today.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:m1:1
# text = An apothecary was a person who made and sold medicines, like a chemist or pharmacist today.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	chemist	chemist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	pharmacist	pharmacist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a apothecary | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sell** | past | a person *not said here* | medicines |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Everyday, meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An apothecary also gave simple medical advice and treatment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:m2:1
# text = An apothecary also gave simple medical advice and treatment.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	medical	medical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | a apothecary | simple medical advice and treatment |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advice=Theme |

## Early Modern English, meaning 1 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who made and sold medicines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:m3:1
# text = A person who made and sold medicines.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | a person |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sell** | past | a person *not said here* | medicines |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The apothecary mixed a potion of herbs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:x1:1
# text = The apothecary mixed a potion of herbs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mixed	mix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	potion	potion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	herbs	herb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | past | the apothecary | a potion of herbs |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent potion=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Tudor times you went to the apothecary for medicine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:x2:1
# text = In Tudor times you went to the apothecary for medicine.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	Tudor	Tudor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | you |  |  | the apothecary for medicine | time |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to apothecary=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rows of jars lined the apothecary's shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:x3:1
# text = Rows of jars lined the apothecary's shop.
1	Rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	jars	jar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	lined	line	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **line** | participle · passive |  | Rows of jars |  |  |  | the apothecary's shop *obj* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The apothecary weighed the powder carefully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:x4:1
# text = The apothecary weighed the powder carefully.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	weighed	weigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | past | the apothecary | the powder |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme powder=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Today a pharmacist does the job of an apothecary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:x5:1
# text = Today a pharmacist does the job of an apothecary.
1	Today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pharmacist	pharmacist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | a pharmacist | the job of a apothecary |  |  | today |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 2 | **job** |  | a apothecary |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story's villain bought poison from an apothecary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:x6:1
# text = The story's villain bought poison from an apothecary.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | the story's villain | poison |  | a apothecary |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent poison=Theme from apothecary=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Whose is it, and where did you get it?" asked the apothecary.

<!-- .note -->
From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:x7:1
# text = "Whose is it, and where did you get it?" asked the apothecary.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
8	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
14	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | it |  |  |  | Whose *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** *in a quote* | past · do-support | you | it |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the apothecary |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Heaven preserve us!" cried the apothecary, "you are out of your mind.

<!-- .note -->
From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:x8:1
# text = "Heaven preserve us!" cried the apothecary, "you are out of your mind.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** *in a quote* | infinitive | Heaven |  | us |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the apothecary |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  | your mind |  | your *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Who is it, and how did you get it?’ asked the apothecary.

<!-- .note -->
From The Yellow Fairy Book.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:apothecary:x9:1
# text = ‘Who is it, and how did you get it?’ asked the apothecary.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
14	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | it |  |  |  | Who *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | past · do-support | you | it |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | it | the apothecary |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent apothecary=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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