---
title: A — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 27
description: The 1215 words of the English dictionary under A, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# A — The English dictionary · page 27

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**alms** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (old use) Alms is money or food given to poor people.[↗](../../alms/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* «To beg alms» means to ask for money or food as a poor person.[↗](../../alms/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Once two poor women came to the castle to beg alms.[↗](../../alms/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The monks gave alms to the hungry.[↗](../../alms/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · «You do not beg for alms,» said the king.[↗](../../alms/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · They shared out food and alms to the poor.[↗](../../alms/#x4 "tree and pragmatics")

**almsgiving** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (church) Giving money, food or help to poor people, especially as a religious duty.[↗](../../almsgiving/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Charity given out of kindness to people in need.[↗](../../almsgiving/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* During Lent, our church encourages prayer, fasting and almsgiving.[↗](../../almsgiving/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Almsgiving means sharing what you have with people who are poor.[↗](../../almsgiving/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The children collected tins for the food bank as an act of almsgiving.[↗](../../almsgiving/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Many faiths teach that almsgiving is a duty.[↗](../../almsgiving/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · In the story, the rich man was praised for his almsgiving.[↗](../../almsgiving/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Almsgiving should be done quietly, Jesus taught, not to show off.[↗](../../almsgiving/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The monks lived simply and spent their money on almsgiving.[↗](../../almsgiving/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Wherefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable unto thee, and break off thy sins by almsgiving, and thine iniquities by showing mercy to the poor; if there may be a lengthening of thy prosperity.'[↗](../../almsgiving/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings DAN.4.24, JPS 1917)[↗](../../almsgiving/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**aloes** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Aloes is a plant with thick, spiky leaves.[↗](../../aloes/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In old tales, «aloes wood» is a sweet-smelling wood, burned or used for perfume.[↗](../../aloes/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The room was scented with aloes and ambergris.[↗](../../aloes/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The merchant brought aloes wood and camphor.[↗](../../aloes/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The gardener planted aloes by the wall.[↗](../../aloes/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Aloe leaves can feel cool and sticky.[↗](../../aloes/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · As valleys stretched out, as gardens by the river-side; as aloes planted of the LORD, as cedars beside the waters; (Torah NUM.24.6, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloes/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon.[↗](../../aloes/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.7.17, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloes/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Myrrh, and aloes, and cassia are all thy garments; out of ivory palaces stringed instruments have made thee glad.[↗](../../aloes/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.45.9, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloes/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices.[↗](../../aloes/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings SNG.4.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloes/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**aloft** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Up in the air or high above the ground: the kite stayed aloft for an hour.[↗](../../aloft/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Held up high: the captain held the cup aloft.[↗](../../aloft/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (on ships) Up in the masts and sails.[↗](../../aloft/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The winner held the trophy aloft.[↗](../../aloft/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Warm air keeps the hot-air balloon aloft.[↗](../../aloft/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The eagle stayed aloft without flapping its wings.[↗](../../aloft/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Sailors climbed aloft to fix the sail.[↗](../../aloft/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The kite was aloft for nearly an hour.[↗](../../aloft/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She held the torch aloft so we could see.[↗](../../aloft/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A Hawk observed it, and, pouncing upon it with his talons, carried it aloft.[↗](../../aloft/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · God has carried these through waters, He has borne them aloft through fire, and He has stamped them in the storms of the air; He has distributed them among the seven stars, and has assigned them to twelve celestial constellations.[↗](../../aloft/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)[↗](../../aloft/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**alone** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Alone means without anyone else: if you are alone, nobody is with you.[↗](../../alone/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Alone means without help.[↗](../../alone/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Alone means only, just that one: «You alone know the secret».[↗](../../alone/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* «Leave alone» means do not touch or bother.[↗](../../alone/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Sam alone can paint the fence in 6 hours.[↗](../../alone/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Mia ate 4 cookies alone.[↗](../../alone/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The garden alone costs 50 dollars.[↗](../../alone/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Working alone, Tom picks 30 apples an hour.[↗](../../alone/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Leave the cat alone, it is sleeping.[↗](../../alone/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She walked home alone.[↗](../../alone/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · You are not alone, we will help.[↗](../../alone/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The old man lived alone.[↗](../../alone/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Never swim alone.[↗](../../alone/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · He can't ride a bike, let alone drive a car.[↗](../../alone/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Peter was alone on the lagoon.[↗](../../alone/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · How can I myself alone bear your cumbrance, and your burden, and your strife?[↗](../../alone/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah DEU.1.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../alone/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · The LORD alone did lead him, and there was no strange god with Him.[↗](../../alone/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah DEU.32.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../alone/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.[↗](../../alone/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.32.24, JPS 1917)[↗](../../alone/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · Ephraim is joined to idols; let him alone.[↗](../../alone/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets HOS.4.17, JPS 1917)[↗](../../alone/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") · Behold, I was left alone; these, where were they?'[↗](../../alone/#x16 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.49.21, JPS 1917)[↗](../../alone/#x16 "tree and pragmatics") · For Thou art great, and doest wondrous things; Thou art God alone.[↗](../../alone/#x17 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.86.10, JPS 1917)[↗](../../alone/#x17 "tree and pragmatics")

**along** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Along means following the length of something, like walking along a road.[↗](../../along/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Along means together with someone: «bring a friend along».[↗](../../along/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Along means forward, onward: «move along».[↗](../../along/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* «All along» means the whole time.[↗](../../along/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Trees grow along the road every 5 meters.[↗](../../along/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · She walked 3 miles along the river.[↗](../../along/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He brought along 2 friends.[↗](../../along/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Posts stand along a fence 40 feet long.[↗](../../along/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We walked along the beach.[↗](../../along/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Do you get along with your sister?[↗](../../along/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Come along, we're late\![↗](../../along/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · She knew the answer all along.[↗](../../along/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Let's sing along to the song.[↗](../../along/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Bring your swimsuit along with a towel.[↗](../../along/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Two Travelers were walking along the seashore.[↗](../../along/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · 'Let me pass through thy land; I will go along by the highway, I will neither turn unto the right hand nor to the left.[↗](../../along/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah DEU.2.27, JPS 1917)[↗](../../along/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · And the daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe in the river; and her maidens walked along by the river-side; and she saw the ark among the flags, and sent her handmaid to fetch it.[↗](../../along/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah EXO.2.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../along/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · Amalek dwelleth in the land of the South; and the Hittite, and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, dwell in the mountains; and the Canaanite dwelleth by the sea, and along by the side of the Jordan.'[↗](../../along/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.13.29, JPS 1917)[↗](../../along/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · And it went out from Beth-el-luz, and passed along unto the border of the Archites to Ataroth.[↗](../../along/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JOS.16.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../along/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") · And it passed along to the side over against the Arabah northward, and went down unto the Arabah.[↗](../../along/#x16 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JOS.18.18, JPS 1917)[↗](../../along/#x16 "tree and pragmatics") · And from thence it passed along eastward to Gath-hepher, to Ethkazin; and it went out at Rimmon-methoar unto Neah.[↗](../../along/#x17 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JOS.19.13, JPS 1917)[↗](../../along/#x17 "tree and pragmatics")

**alongside** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Alongside means next to, beside or along the side of something.[↗](../../alongside/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Alongside means together with someone, working or being with them.[↗](../../alongside/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The dog trotted alongside me.[↗](../../alongside/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The boat pulled up alongside the jetty.[↗](../../alongside/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · I worked alongside my friend on the project.[↗](../../alongside/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Put the two rulers alongside each other.[↗](../../alongside/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The path runs alongside the river.[↗](../../alongside/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She played alongside older girls in the team.[↗](../../alongside/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Two 30-centimetre rulers placed end to end alongside a table measure 60 centimetres.[↗](../../alongside/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · His horse grew tired, and all of a sudden it came to a standstill alongside of a graveyard.[↗](../../alongside/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**aloof** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Aloof means unfriendly and distant, keeping away from other people and not joining in.[↗](../../aloof/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Keeping apart from something on purpose, not getting involved, as in «stay aloof from the argument».[↗](../../aloof/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The new boy seemed aloof, but really he was shy.[↗](../../aloof/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Cats can be aloof and walk off when you call them.[↗](../../aloof/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She stayed aloof from the silly argument.[↗](../../aloof/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The princess was cold and aloof with the servants.[↗](../../aloof/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He looks aloof, but he is kind once you know him.[↗](../../aloof/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't judge someone as aloof too quickly.[↗](../../aloof/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Ajax alone, who still brooded over his wrongs, held aloof, refusing to converse with Odysseus, and sullenly retired when the hero addressed him.[↗](../../aloof/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · My friends and my companions stand aloof from my plague; and my kinsmen stand afar off.[↗](../../aloof/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.38.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloof/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · It is an honour for a man to keep aloof from strife; but every fool will be snarling.[↗](../../aloof/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.20.3, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloof/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Otherwise if I had dealt falsely against mine own life — and there is no matter hid from the king — then thou thyself wouldest have stood aloof.'[↗](../../aloof/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 2SA.18.13, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloof/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**aloud** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Aloud means in a voice that other people can hear, not silently: read aloud.[↗](../../aloud/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* «Think aloud» means say your thoughts as you think them.[↗](../../aloud/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Please read the poem aloud to the class.[↗](../../aloud/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum reads aloud to us every night.[↗](../../aloud/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · I counted aloud to ten.[↗](../../aloud/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She thought aloud while solving the puzzle.[↗](../../aloud/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't say the answer aloud — write it down.[↗](../../aloud/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · He laughed aloud at the joke.[↗](../../aloud/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · She was praying the Lord's prayer aloud.[↗](../../aloud/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · And he wept aloud; and the Egyptians heard, and the house of Pharaoh heard.[↗](../../aloud/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.45.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloud/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Sing aloud, O ye nations, of His people; for He doth avenge the blood of His servants, and doth render vengeance to His adversaries, and doth make expiation for the land of His people.[↗](../../aloud/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah DEU.32.43, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloud/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Now why dost thou cry out aloud?[↗](../../aloud/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets MIC.4.9, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloud/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Sing aloud unto God our strength; shout unto the God of Jacob.[↗](../../aloud/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.81.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloud/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · Wisdom crieth aloud in the streets, she uttereth her voice in the broad places; (Writings PRO.1.20, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aloud/#x12 "tree and pragmatics")

**alp** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (the Alps, a name) The great range of high mountains in Europe, across France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria and others.[↗](../../alp/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A high mountain, especially a snowy one.[↗](../../alp/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* In Switzerland, a high mountain meadow where cows graze in summer.[↗](../../alp/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We went skiing in the Alps.[↗](../../alp/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Mont Blanc is the highest peak in the Alps.[↗](../../alp/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Hannibal crossed the Alps with elephants.[↗](../../alp/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Cows graze on the alp in summer.[↗](../../alp/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Snow lay on the alps all year.[↗](../../alp/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Heidi lived with her grandfather in the Alps.[↗](../../alp/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**alpaca** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An alpaca is a South American animal like a small llama, with a long neck and very soft, thick wool.[↗](../../alpaca/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Alpaca is also the soft wool from this animal, used for jumpers, scarves and blankets.[↗](../../alpaca/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The alpaca has a fluffy fringe over its eyes.[↗](../../alpaca/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandma knitted me a scarf from alpaca wool.[↗](../../alpaca/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Alpacas live high in the Andes mountains.[↗](../../alpaca/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We went for a walk with alpacas on the farm.[↗](../../alpaca/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · An alpaca is smaller than a llama.[↗](../../alpaca/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Alpacas hum to talk to each other.[↗](../../alpaca/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**alpha** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Alpha is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, written Α or α.[↗](../../alpha/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Alpha can mean the first or the top one: the «alpha» wolf leads the pack.[↗](../../alpha/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (computing) An alpha version is an early, unfinished test version of a program or game.[↗](../../alpha/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (informal, slang) An «alpha» is a bossy, confident person who wants to lead.[↗](../../alpha/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* (Bible) «The Alpha and the Omega» means the first and the last, the beginning and the end; Christians use it about God.[↗](../../alpha/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Alpha is the first letter of the Greek alphabet.[↗](../../alpha/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The word «alphabet» comes from «alpha» and «beta».[↗](../../alpha/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We labelled the angle α in our maths diagram.[↗](../../alpha/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The game is still in alpha, so it has lots of bugs.[↗](../../alpha/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Kids born recently are called Gen Alpha.[↗](../../alpha/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In the radio alphabet, «A» is «Alpha».[↗](../../alpha/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · «I am the Alpha and the Omega», says a verse in the Bible.[↗](../../alpha/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · It is identical in form with the letter , ("\> ol the Arabic alpha- bet.[↗](../../alpha/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../alpha/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Like Ecclesiasticus, the Pseudo-I3en Sira's "Alpha- bet of ben Sira" was also attributed to Joshua ben Jehozadak.[↗](../../alpha/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../alpha/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**alphabet** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The alphabet is the set of letters used to write a language, put in a fixed order.[↗](../../alphabet/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* An alphabet is any such set of letters, like the Greek alphabet.[↗](../../alphabet/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* The basics of something are sometimes called its alphabet.[↗](../../alphabet/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The English alphabet has 26 letters.[↗](../../alphabet/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Can you say the alphabet backwards?[↗](../../alphabet/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Put these words in alphabetical order.[↗](../../alphabet/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The Greek alphabet starts with alpha and beta.[↗](../../alphabet/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Little children sing the alphabet song.[↗](../../alphabet/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Z is the last letter of the alphabet.[↗](../../alphabet/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Chinese is not written with an alphabet.[↗](../../alphabet/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The eighth letter from the end of the alphabet is S, and therefore the snail received the second prize.[↗](../../alphabet/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Drawing the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet around the edge of a circle, it takes 231 lines, here called שְׁעָרִים sheʽarim ‘gates’, to connect every possible combination of 2 letters.[↗](../../alphabet/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../alphabet/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · 7:1 Thus for instance, they imagined that the name of Jehovah, יהוי, is by reversing the alphabet; מצפץ (mzpz); mem signifies the letter jod, zaddi, the letter he, and pe, the letter wav.[↗](../../alphabet/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../alphabet/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · ") See -Alphabet of Ben Sira", ed.[↗](../../alphabet/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../alphabet/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**alphabetic** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Having to do with the alphabet, or written using letters.[↗](../../alphabetic/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The grouping of the processes of origin into an arrangement, at once alphabetic and numeral, is one only to be found in Semitic authors.[↗](../../alphabetic/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../alphabetic/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The purpose of the author was to e ..pliiisizc the superiority of alphabetic writing over the non-alphabetic writing (ideographic and syllabic) used by all the nations of antiquity, and even now by a great portion of mankind.[↗](../../alphabetic/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../alphabetic/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Tiii) vowels and consonants were made in the form of a "state and arranged like an army in battle array."[↗](../../alphabetic/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") Isaac Taylor '\*i says: "Like soldiers on parade the characters in the alphabetic line have been dressed."[↗](../../alphabetic/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../alphabetic/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

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