---
title: A — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 45
description: The 1215 words of the English dictionary under A, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# A — The English dictionary · page 45

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**architect** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An architect is a person whose job is to design buildings and draw plans for how they should be built.[↗](../../architect/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The architect of something is the person who planned it or made it happen, as in «the architect of the peace deal».[↗](../../architect/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The architect drew plans for our new school library.[↗](../../architect/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · An architect needs to be good at maths and drawing.[↗](../../architect/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She wants to be an architect when she grows up.[↗](../../architect/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The architect made a model of the bridge first.[↗](../../architect/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He was the architect of the team's surprise win.[↗](../../architect/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Landscape architects design parks and gardens.[↗](../../architect/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · We visited a museum designed by a famous architect.[↗](../../architect/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Daedalus, a descendant of Erechtheus, was an Athenian architect, sculptor, and mechanician.[↗](../../architect/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**architecture** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Architecture is the art and work of designing buildings.[↗](../../architecture/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Architecture is the style of buildings in a place or time, such as Gothic or Roman architecture.[↗](../../architecture/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (computers) The architecture of a computer or program is the way its parts are planned and put together.[↗](../../architecture/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* She wants to study architecture and design houses.[↗](../../architecture/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Gothic architecture has tall pointed windows.[↗](../../architecture/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We looked at the architecture of our town on a walk.[↗](../../architecture/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Sydney Opera House is famous modern architecture.[↗](../../architecture/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Ancient Roman architecture used arches and domes.[↗](../../architecture/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The computer's architecture lets it do many tasks at once.[↗](../../architecture/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The architecture of the castle made it hard to attack.[↗](../../architecture/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The architecture was imposing, and in the interior the rooms were handsome and furnished in the best possible taste.[↗](../../architecture/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**archive** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An archive is a place where old records, papers and documents are kept safe for many years.[↗](../../archive/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* An archive is also a collection of such records, or an online store of old pages and files.[↗](../../archive/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The old letters are kept in the archive.[↗](../../archive/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We found the map in the local archive.[↗](../../archive/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The book's pages are in an online archive.[↗](../../archive/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Source: Internet Sacred Text Archive, https://archive.sacred-texts.com/jud/yetzirah.htm .[↗](../../archive/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)[↗](../../archive/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · New York, 1877[↗](../../archive/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · license: Public Domain[↗](../../archive/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · versionSource: https://archive.org/details/sketchoftalmudwo02kali (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../archive/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Contains Kalisch's pointed Hebrew text (his base text), English translation, preface, notes, glossary.[↗](../../archive/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (sacred-texts site errata page not included; Hare's attribution notice kept as in etext.)[↗](../../archive/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") Source: Internet Sacred Text Archive, https://archive.sacred-texts.com/jud/sy/index.htm (etext by J. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../archive/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**archives** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The archives are the old records and papers of a town, a country or a family, kept together in one place.[↗](../../archives/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The king's laws are kept in the royal archives.[↗](../../archives/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The old papers were found in the archives.[↗](../../archives/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The archives tell us about the old kings.[↗](../../archives/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Interested readers can check the 1562 Mantua edition for themselves through the digital archives of the National Library of Israel: nli.org.il/he/books/NNLALEPH990012793690205171/NLI.[↗](../../archives/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../archives/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Then Darius the king made a decree, and search was made in the house of the archives, where the treasures were laid up, in Babylon.[↗](../../archives/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings EZR.6.1, JPS 1917)[↗](../../archives/#x5 "tree and pragmatics")

**archway** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An archway is a passage or doorway with a curved top, like an arch, which you walk or sail through.[↗](../../archway/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We walked through the archway into the garden.[↗](../../archway/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The boat sailed under the old stone archway.[↗](../../archway/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A dark archway led into the castle.[↗](../../archway/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**arctic** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The Arctic is the very cold area around the North Pole, including the Arctic Ocean and the northern parts of Canada, Alaska (USA), Greenland, Norway, Russia and other lands.[↗](../../arctic/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Arctic (adjective) means from or about the Arctic.[↗](../../arctic/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Arctic (informal) means extremely cold.[↗](../../arctic/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Polar bears live in the Arctic.[↗](../../arctic/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The Arctic Ocean is covered in ice for much of the year.[↗](../../arctic/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The Arctic fox turns white in winter.[↗](../../arctic/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Some Arctic summer days have sunlight at midnight.[↗](../../arctic/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · It's arctic outside — wear your coat\![↗](../../arctic/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The Arctic tern flies from the Arctic to the Antarctic.[↗](../../arctic/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · For they saw at once that it was the great white Arctic moth.[↗](../../arctic/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**ard** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* A man's name in the Bible, used as a personal name and as the name of a family.[↗](../../ard/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") It is not an everyday English word.[↗](../../ard/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* And the sons of Benjamin: Bela, and Becher, and Ashbel, Gera, and Naaman, Ehi, and Rosh, Muppim, and Huppim, and Ard.[↗](../../ard/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.46.21, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ard/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · And the sons of Bela were Ard and Naaman; of Ard, the family of the Ardites; of Naaman, the family of the Naamites.[↗](../../ard/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.26.40, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ard/#x2 "tree and pragmatics")

**ardent** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Ardent means very eager, full of strong feeling, or keen about something.[↗](../../ardent/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (old use) Ardent can also mean burning hot, glowing.[↗](../../ardent/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* She is an ardent reader of fairy tales.[↗](../../ardent/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · He had an ardent wish to see the sea.[↗](../../ardent/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My ardent friend never misses football practice.[↗](../../ardent/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**arduous** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Arduous means very hard and tiring, needing a lot of effort for a long time.[↗](../../arduous/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The explorers made an arduous journey across the ice.[↗](../../arduous/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Climbing the mountain was long and arduous.[↗](../../arduous/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Building the railway was arduous work.[↗](../../arduous/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · After an arduous day, the farmer fell asleep at once.[↗](../../arduous/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The pioneers' trek west was arduous and dangerous.[↗](../../arduous/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Learning a new instrument can be arduous at first.[↗](../../arduous/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · So the wife was very anxious while she helped her husband get ready for the long journey, knowing what an arduous task lay before him.[↗](../../arduous/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**area** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Area is how much flat space a shape covers; we measure it in squares, like square meters or square feet.[↗](../../area/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* An area is a part of a place, like a play area or a city area.[↗](../../area/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* An area is a subject or a field of study.[↗](../../area/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The garden is 8 m long and 5 m wide.[↗](../../area/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") What is its area?[↗](../../area/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The area of the room is 120 square feet.[↗](../../area/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Each tile covers an area of 4 square inches.[↗](../../area/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Find the area of a square with sides of 6 cm.[↗](../../area/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The park has a picnic area.[↗](../../area/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Russia covers the largest area of any country.[↗](../../area/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · There is a quiet reading area in the library.[↗](../../area/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · We live in a rural area.[↗](../../area/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Count the squares to find the area.[↗](../../area/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Science is her favourite area of study.[↗](../../area/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**arena** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An arena is a big building or space with seats all around, where people watch sports, concerts or shows.[↗](../../arena/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In ancient Rome, the arena was the sandy area where gladiators fought.[↗](../../arena/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* An arena can also mean an area of activity where people compete, as in «the political arena».[↗](../../arena/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We saw a concert at the big arena.[↗](../../arena/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Gladiators fought in the arena of the Colosseum.[↗](../../arena/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The ice hockey arena was full of cheering fans.[↗](../../arena/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Thousands of people filled the arena.[↗](../../arena/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · She entered the political arena when she became a mayor.[↗](../../arena/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The horse show was held in an indoor arena.[↗](../../arena/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**argent** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (heraldry) The colour silver or white on a coat of arms or shield.[↗](../../argent/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (old-fashioned, poetic) Silver, or silvery in colour: «the argent moon».[↗](../../argent/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (French) «Argent» in French means «silver» and also «money»; it is pronounced differently («ar-ZHAHN»).[↗](../../argent/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The knight's shield was argent with a red cross.[↗](../../argent/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · In heraldry, argent means silver.[↗](../../argent/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The poet wrote of the argent light of the stars.[↗](../../argent/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Silver's symbol is Ag, from Latin argentum.[↗](../../argent/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Argentina was named after the Latin word for silver.[↗](../../argent/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In French, «argent» also means money.[↗](../../argent/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**argentine** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Argentine means from or to do with Argentina, a country in South America.[↗](../../argentine/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* An Argentine is a person from Argentina.[↗](../../argentine/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (rare) argentine with a small «a» means silvery, like silver.[↗](../../argentine/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (an argentine) An argentine is also a small silvery sea fish.[↗](../../argentine/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Lionel Messi is an Argentine footballer.[↗](../../argentine/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The Argentine flag is light blue and white with a sun.[↗](../../argentine/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Argentine cowboys are called gauchos.[↗](../../argentine/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Many Argentines speak Spanish.[↗](../../argentine/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We tasted Argentine empanadas at the food fair.[↗](../../argentine/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The tango comes from Argentine dance halls.[↗](../../argentine/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**argon** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Argon is a gas with no colour, no smell and no taste that is found in small amounts in the air.[↗](../../argon/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Argon is a chemical element; it is a noble gas, which means it hardly ever reacts with other substances.[↗](../../argon/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Air is mostly nitrogen and oxygen, with a little argon.[↗](../../argon/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Argon is used inside some light bulbs.[↗](../../argon/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Argon has no colour and no smell.[↗](../../argon/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Welders use argon to protect hot metal from the air.[↗](../../argon/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Argon is a noble gas, like neon and helium.[↗](../../argon/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The symbol for argon is Ar.[↗](../../argon/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**argue** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To argue means to speak angrily with someone because you disagree.[↗](../../argue/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To argue means to give reasons why you think something is true or right.[↗](../../argue/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* My brother and I argue about the remote.[↗](../../argue/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't argue; just share it.[↗](../../argue/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · They argued about whose turn it was.[↗](../../argue/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She argued that school should start later.[↗](../../argue/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Argue your point with facts and reasons.[↗](../../argue/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · They stopped arguing and made up.[↗](../../argue/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · It's no use arguing with the referee.[↗](../../argue/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · I tried to argue with him, but in vain.[↗](../../argue/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Meroz has argued that the SY envisions Wisdom \[חָכְמָה Chochmah\] as a co-participant with God in the Work of Creation.[↗](../../argue/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../argue/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · But what doth your arguing argue?[↗](../../argue/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.6.25, JPS 1917)[↗](../../argue/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him; but I will argue my ways before Him.[↗](../../argue/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.13.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../argue/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**arguer** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A person who argues, either one who quarrels a lot or one who gives reasons for an opinion.[↗](../../arguer/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* She's a fierce arguer in debate club.[↗](../../arguer/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My brother is a terrible arguer — he just shouts.[↗](../../arguer/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A good arguer listens first.[↗](../../arguer/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The arguer gave three reasons.[↗](../../arguer/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Both arguers shook hands afterwards.[↗](../../arguer/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · He's a born arguer.[↗](../../arguer/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**argument** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An argument is an angry talk or quarrel between people who disagree.[↗](../../argument/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* An argument is a reason or set of reasons given to show that something is right or true.[↗](../../argument/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* My sister and I had an argument about the TV.[↗](../../argument/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · They made up after the argument.[↗](../../argument/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Give a good argument for your opinion.[↗](../../argument/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · What is the best argument for a longer break?[↗](../../argument/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · An argument can be solved by talking calmly.[↗](../../argument/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Her argument was full of good facts.[↗](../../argument/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The argument got loud, so a teacher came over.[↗](../../argument/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · There are arguments for and against school uniform.[↗](../../argument/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · “But I like arguments,” said the Rocket.[↗](../../argument/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · "Its form is simple and grave; there is nothing like a demonstration nor an argument; but it consists rather of a series of aphorisms, regularly grouped, and which have all the conciseness of the most ancient oracles."[↗](../../argument/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../argument/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Cantor's Itlnl/it-nintUclie Ihitriigt, Halle 1863, pagi?[↗](../../argument/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") 269), arguments have been advanced that the Indians invented this system, or at least taught it to the Arabs.[↗](../../argument/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../argument/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · I would order my cause before Him, and fill my mouth with arguments.[↗](../../argument/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.23.4, JPS 1917)[↗](../../argument/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · How much less shall I answer Him, and choose out my arguments with Him?[↗](../../argument/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.9.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../argument/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · Yea, I am become as a man that heareth not, and in whose mouth are no arguments.[↗](../../argument/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.38.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../argument/#x14 "tree and pragmatics")

**argumentative** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Argumentative describes someone who likes to argue and disagree, even about small things.[↗](../../argumentative/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He was so argumentative that he argued about everything.[↗](../../argumentative/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't be argumentative; just listen for once.[↗](../../argumentative/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The argumentative boy would not stop disagreeing with the teacher.[↗](../../argumentative/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**aria** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An aria is a song for one singer in an opera, usually long and full of feeling.[↗](../../aria/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* An aria can also be a slow, tuneful piece of music like such a song.[↗](../../aria/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The singer's aria made the audience cry.[↗](../../aria/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Mozart wrote many famous arias.[↗](../../aria/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In the opera, the queen sings an angry aria.[↗](../../aria/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We listened to an aria in music class.[↗](../../aria/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · An aria is sung by one person, not a choir.[↗](../../aria/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My big sister practises a short aria for her singing exam.[↗](../../aria/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**arid** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Arid land or weather is very dry, with very little rain, so few plants can grow.[↗](../../arid/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (figurative) Something arid can be dull and boring, with no life or interest in it.[↗](../../arid/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The camel is well suited to arid deserts.[↗](../../arid/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Much of central Australia is hot and arid.[↗](../../arid/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Arid land is hard to farm without watering it.[↗](../../arid/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Cactuses grow well in arid climates.[↗](../../arid/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The arid soil cracked in the heat.[↗](../../arid/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The lecture was so arid that half the class fell asleep.[↗](../../arid/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A semi-arid area gets a little more rain than a desert.[↗](../../arid/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · From the soft rain and green turf of Gaeldom, we seek the garish sun and arid soil of the Hindoo.[↗](../../arid/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**aries** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* The first sign of the zodiac, shown as a ram.[↗](../../aries/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") It is one of the twelve groups of stars (constellations).[↗](../../aries/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The twelve constellations in the world are: Aries, (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../aries/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · God produced He, predominant in Speech, crowned, combined, and formed Aries in the world, Nisan in the year, and the right foot of man.[↗](../../aries/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)[↗](../../aries/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · God produced He, predominant in Speech, crowned it, combined and formed with it Aries in the Universe, Nisan in the Year, and the right foot of Man.[↗](../../aries/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../aries/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**aright** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Aright means correctly or rightly, with no mistake.[↗](../../aright/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He guessed the answer aright.[↗](../../aright/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · She thought she had not heard aright.[↗](../../aright/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · If you add the numbers aright, you will get the right total.[↗](../../aright/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · For He doth instruct him aright; his God doth teach him.[↗](../../aright/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.28.26, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aright/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · If thou set thy heart aright, and stretch out thy hands toward Him — (Writings JOB.11.13, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aright/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The tongue of the wise useth knowledge aright; but the mouth of fools poureth out foolishness.[↗](../../aright/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.15.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../aright/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

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