---
title: brake — English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «brake» in the English dictionary: A brake is the part of a vehicle, like a bike or car, that slows it down or stops it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# brake

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** brake, that, you, Bike brakes, car, brakes · **What happens:** be, slow down, stop, break, slow, happen · **To what, where:** part, brake, something, thicket, pieces, brakes

<!-- .vabout -->
«brake» in the English dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [brake in the English dictionary](https://dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/english/brake/).

## Everyday, meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A brake is the part of a vehicle, like a bike or car, that slows it down or stops it.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:m1:1
# text = A brake is the part of a vehicle, like a bike or car, that slows it down or stops it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brake	brake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	slows	slow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	down	down	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a brake | the part |  |  |  | of a vehicle; a bike or car *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **slow down** | present | that | brake |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **stop** | present | that *not said here* | brake |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Everyday, meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To brake is to use the brakes to slow down or stop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:m2:1
# text = To brake is to use the brakes to slow down or stop.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	brake	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	slow	slow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | the brakes *obj*; use *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **slow down** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **stop** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Everyday, meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A brake is something that slows or stops something else happening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:m3:1
# text = A brake is something that slows or stops something else happening.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brake	brake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	slows	slow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	else	else	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a brake | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **slow** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **stop** | present |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality something=Eventuality |
| 4 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Everyday, meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A brake is also a thicket, a thick clump of bushes or small trees.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:m4:1
# text = A brake is also a thicket, a thick clump of bushes or small trees.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brake	brake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	thicket	thicket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	clump	clump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a brake | a thicket |  |  |  | a thick clump of bushes or small trees *appos* | tree rules |

## Early Modern English, meaning 1 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Broke into pieces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:m5:1
# text = Broke into pieces.
1	Broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past |  |  |  |  |  | into pieces *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into piece=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check your brakes before you ride.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x1:1
# text = Check your brakes before you ride.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	ride	ride	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | your brakes |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brake=Theme |
| 2 | **ride** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The driver slammed on the brakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x2:1
# text = The driver slammed on the brakes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	slammed	slam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slam** | participle |  | the driver *not said here* |  | the brakes |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brake gently on the wet road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x3:1
# text = Brake gently on the wet road.
1	Brake	break	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the wet road |  | gently *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on road=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bike brakes work by friction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x4:1
# text = Bike brakes work by friction.
1	Bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Bike brakes |  |  |  |  | by friction | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car braked suddenly at the crossing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x5:1
# text = The car braked suddenly at the crossing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	braked	brake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crossing	crossing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brake** | past | the car |  |  | the crossing |  | suddenly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brakes squeak when I stop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x6:1
# text = My brakes squeak when I stop.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	squeak	squeak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeak** | present | My brakes |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stop** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cars can't stop instantly, even with good brakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x7:1
# text = Cars can't stop instantly, even with good brakes.
1	Cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	instantly	instantly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	even	even	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stop** | can | Cars |  |  |  |  | with good brakes; instantly *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with brake=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum put the brakes on the plan to buy a puppy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x8:1
# text = Mum put the brakes on the plan to buy a puppy.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | Mum | the brakes |  | the plan |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent brake=Theme on plan=Destination |
| 2 | **buy** | to-infinitive | Mum *not said here* | a puppy |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puppy=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lumbering bear swung his head of hesitations and thought again; he trotted his small red eye away with him to a near-by brake.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x9:1
# text = The lumbering bear swung his head of hesitations and thought again; he trotted his small red eye away with him to a near-by brake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lumbering	lumbering	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hesitations	hesitation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	trotted	trot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
16	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
19	away	away	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	brake	brake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | past | the lumbering bear | bear's head of hesitations |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | the lumbering bear *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **trot** | past | bear | bear's small red eye |  | a near brake |  | with him *= he*; away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent eye=Theme to brake=Trajectory |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spring flood was lifting the ice covering, which brake into a thousand pieces.

<!-- .note -->
From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x10:1
# text = The spring flood was lifting the ice covering, which brake into a thousand pieces.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lifting	lift	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	brake	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | past · progressive | the spring flood | the ice |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Theme |
| 2 | **cover** | gerund | the ice *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **break** | present |  |  |  |  |  | into thousand pieces *result*; which *nsubj* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into piece=Result |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lumbering bear swung his head of hesitations and thought again; he trotted his small red eye away with him to a near-by brake.

<!-- .note -->
From Irish Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x11:1
# text = The lumbering bear swung his head of hesitations and thought again; he trotted his small red eye away with him to a near-by brake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lumbering	lumbering	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hesitations	hesitation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	trotted	trot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
16	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
19	away	away	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	brake	brake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | past | the lumbering bear | bear's head of hesitations |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | the lumbering bear *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **trot** | past | bear | bear's small red eye |  | a near brake |  | with him *= he*; away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent eye=Theme to brake=Trajectory |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gold! gold!' he shouted, again holding the glass aloft, that it might flash in the sunshine; but his hand trembled, and the alchymic glass fell from it, clattering to the ground, and brake in a thousand pieces.

<!-- .note -->
From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:brake:x12:1
# text = Gold! gold!' he shouted, again holding the glass aloft, that it might flash in the sunshine; but his hand trembled, and the alchymic glass fell from it, clattering to the ground, and brake in a thousand pieces.
1	Gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	aloft	aloft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	flash	flash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	trembled	tremble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	alchymic	alchymic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
33	from	from	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	clattering	clatter	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	advcl	_	_
37	to	to	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	brake	brake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	46	nummod	_	_
46	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Gold gold |  |  |  |  | he *nsubj* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund | Gold gold *not said here* | the glass |  |  | again | aloft *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Theme |
| 3 | **flash** | might | gold |  |  | the sunshine |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sunshine=Location |
| 4 | **tremble** | past | his hand | brake in thousand pieces |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **fall** | past | the alchymic glass |  |  | hand |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from it=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **clatter** | gerund | the alchymic glass *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the ground | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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