---
title: C — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 32
description: The 1959 words of the English dictionary under C, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# C — The English dictionary · page 32

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**cigar** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A thick roll of dried tobacco leaves that people light and smoke.[↗](../../cigar/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The man in the film smoked a fat cigar.[↗](../../cigar/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Cigar smoke smells strong and is bad for your lungs.[↗](../../cigar/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Smoking cigars can cause mouth cancer.[↗](../../cigar/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Close, but no cigar: the answer is 48, not 46.[↗](../../cigar/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Winston Churchill was famous for his cigars.[↗](../../cigar/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · He has not even taken the cigars from his mouth.[↗](../../cigar/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**cigarette** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cigarette is a thin paper tube filled with dried tobacco that people light and smoke.[↗](../../cigarette/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Cigarettes are very bad for your health.[↗](../../cigarette/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Smoking cigarettes damages your lungs.[↗](../../cigarette/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · It is against the law to sell cigarettes to children.[↗](../../cigarette/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Cigarette smoke made her cough.[↗](../../cigarette/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandad gave up cigarettes years ago.[↗](../../cigarette/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · A cigarette end was left on the beach.[↗](../../cigarette/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Cigarettes can cause fires.[↗](../../cigarette/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**cinchona** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cinchona is a tree or shrub from the Andes mountains of South America whose bark contains quinine.[↗](../../cinchona/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Cinchona bark is the dried bark of this tree, used for centuries to treat malaria.[↗](../../cinchona/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Quinine, a medicine for malaria, comes from cinchona bark.[↗](../../cinchona/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The cinchona tree grows in the Andes mountains.[↗](../../cinchona/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · People in Peru used cinchona bark long before Europeans arrived.[↗](../../cinchona/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Tonic water tastes bitter because of quinine from cinchona.[↗](../../cinchona/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The cinchona tree is shown on Peru's coat of arms.[↗](../../cinchona/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Explorers smuggled cinchona seeds to grow the tree in Asia.[↗](../../cinchona/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Cinchona bark helped save many lives from malaria.[↗](../../cinchona/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**cinder** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A small piece of burnt coal or wood that is left after a fire has gone out; grey ash.[↗](../../cinder/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The toast was burnt to a cinder.[↗](../../cinder/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · By morning the house had burnt to cinders.[↗](../../cinder/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The cat slept on the warm cinders by the fire.[↗](../../cinder/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**cinderella** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Cinderella is the girl in a famous fairy tale who is treated badly by her stepmother and stepsisters, goes to the prince's ball with help from her fairy godmother, loses a glass slipper and marries the prince.[↗](../../cinderella/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (figurative) A Cinderella is a person or thing that is ignored or treated as less important but deserves more attention.[↗](../../cinderella/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (sport) A Cinderella story is when a small, unexpected team or person does very well.[↗](../../cinderella/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Cinderella's fairy godmother turned a pumpkin into a coach.[↗](../../cinderella/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · At midnight Cinderella ran away and lost her glass slipper.[↗](../../cinderella/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We saw Cinderella as a pantomime at Christmas.[↗](../../cinderella/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The little village team had a Cinderella run to the final.[↗](../../cinderella/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Music is often the Cinderella subject at some schools.[↗](../../cinderella/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · «Be home by midnight, Cinderella!» joked Dad.[↗](../../cinderella/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · There are hundreds of versions of the Cinderella story around the world.[↗](../../cinderella/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · “Y--es,” cried Cinderella, with a great sigh.[↗](../../cinderella/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**cinema** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cinema is a building where people watch films on a big screen.[↗](../../cinema/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* «The cinema» or «the movies» can mean going to see a film.[↗](../../cinema/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Cinema is also the art of making films.[↗](../../cinema/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The cinema has 15 rows of 20 seats.[↗](../../cinema/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A ticket costs 7 dollars.[↗](../../cinema/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The film starts at 4 pm and lasts 2 hours.[↗](../../cinema/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · How many tickets were sold?[↗](../../cinema/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We went to the cinema for my birthday.[↗](../../cinema/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Please turn off your phone in the cinema.[↗](../../cinema/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · In the USA a cinema is called a movie theater.[↗](../../cinema/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The cinema was full for the new film.[↗](../../cinema/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**cinematic** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To do with films and the cinema.[↗](../../cinematic/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Looking or feeling like a film, exciting and grand, with big scenes and music.[↗](../../cinematic/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The game has cinematic cut scenes.[↗](../../cinematic/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The sunset over the sea looked cinematic.[↗](../../cinematic/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The book has cinematic action scenes.[↗](../../cinematic/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We learned about cinematic camera angles.[↗](../../cinematic/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Watching on a big screen is a real cinematic experience.[↗](../../cinematic/#x5 "tree and pragmatics")

**cinnamon** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Cinnamon is a sweet, warm-tasting brown spice made from the dried bark of a tree, used in cakes, buns and drinks.[↗](../../cinnamon/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Cinnamon is a light reddish-brown colour.[↗](../../cinnamon/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Sprinkle some cinnamon on your porridge.[↗](../../cinnamon/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandma's apple pie smells of cinnamon.[↗](../../cinnamon/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We bought cinnamon buns at the bakery.[↗](../../cinnamon/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Cinnamon comes from the bark of a tree.[↗](../../cinnamon/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Stir your drink with a cinnamon stick.[↗](../../cinnamon/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The puppy had a soft cinnamon coat.[↗](../../cinnamon/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · I took them gratefully, and as we went from one island to another I laid in stores of cloves, cinnamon, and other spices.[↗](../../cinnamon/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · 'Take thou also unto thee the chief spices, of flowing myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty, (Torah EXO.30.23, JPS 1917)[↗](../../cinnamon/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon.[↗](../../cinnamon/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.7.17, JPS 1917)[↗](../../cinnamon/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices.[↗](../../cinnamon/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings SNG.4.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../cinnamon/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**cipher** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A secret code in which letters are swapped or mixed up by a rule so that only people who know the rule can read the message.[↗](../../cipher/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A message written in such a code.[↗](../../cipher/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A person who has no power or importance and just does what others say: «The king was a mere cipher».[↗](../../cipher/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (old or formal) The figure zero, 0; in old books also any number digit.[↗](../../cipher/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* (verb, old) To do sums or to write in code.[↗](../../cipher/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We wrote secret notes to each other in a Caesar cipher.[↗](../../cipher/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · With a shift of three, the word CAT becomes FDW in the cipher.[↗](../../cipher/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The spies sent the plans in cipher.[↗](../../cipher/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · It took the code-breakers months to crack the cipher.[↗](../../cipher/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Without the key the cipher looked like nonsense.[↗](../../cipher/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In the story, the map was covered in a strange cipher.[↗](../../cipher/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The new prime minister was just a cipher for the party bosses.[↗](../../cipher/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Our maths teacher turned the times tables into a cipher puzzle.[↗](../../cipher/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · But as for me, I had gone quite beyond all lapse of time, and had become a cipher and a nothing.[↗](../../cipher/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · A cipher for the matter: twenty-two (numbers) \[objects\] in one body.[↗](../../cipher/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../cipher/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · This is a cipher: observing, transforming, making all matter and all words one name.[↗](../../cipher/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../cipher/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · The angel which the cipher n symbolizes, is apparently Satan \]r:z', who appears before God to prosecute all mortal beings as he prosecuted (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../cipher/#x12 "tree and pragmatics")

**circadian** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To do with the body's natural daily clock, a cycle of about 24 hours that controls when we sleep, wake and feel hungry.[↗](../../circadian/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Your circadian rhythm tells you when to sleep.[↗](../../circadian/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Jet lag happens when your circadian clock is out of step with local time.[↗](../../circadian/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Bright screens at night can confuse your circadian rhythm.[↗](../../circadian/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Flowers that open in the morning follow a circadian rhythm.[↗](../../circadian/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Teenagers' circadian rhythms make them sleepy later at night.[↗](../../circadian/#x5 "tree and pragmatics")

**circle** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A circle is a round flat shape.[↗](../../circle/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") Every point on its edge is the same distance from the middle (the centre).[↗](../../circle/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A circle of people or things is a group arranged in a ring.[↗](../../circle/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To circle something is to draw a ring around it: «circle the answer».[↗](../../circle/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* To circle is to move round and round something: «the plane circled the airport».[↗](../../circle/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* A circle of friends is a group of friends.[↗](../../circle/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 6:* A circle can also be one full round of time that ends where it began, such as a day or a year.[↗](../../circle/#m6 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* 6 children stand in a circle.[↗](../../circle/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Trees are planted around a circle.[↗](../../circle/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Circle the right answer.[↗](../../circle/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Draw a circle with radius 3 cm.[↗](../../circle/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The diameter of a circle is twice the radius.[↗](../../circle/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We sat in a circle for circle time.[↗](../../circle/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Eagles circled high above the hill.[↗](../../circle/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · A circle has no corners and no straight sides.[↗](../../circle/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · In a few moments the day had completed its circle.[↗](../../circle/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Drawing the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet around the edge of a circle, it takes 231 lines, here called שְׁעָרִים sheʽarim ‘gates’, to connect every possible combination of 2 letters.[↗](../../circle/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../circle/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · circle Q or Q is each a letter.[↗](../../circle/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../circle/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · elementary cliaracters, or letters, derive tlieir forms from the line and the circle.[↗](../../circle/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../circle/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · When He established the heavens, I was there; when He set a circle upon the face of the deep, (Writings PRO.8.27, JPS 1917)[↗](../../circle/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · It is He that sitteth above the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in; (Prophets ISA.40.22, JPS 1917)[↗](../../circle/#x14 "tree and pragmatics")

**circlet** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A thin ring or band, often of gold, worn on the head like a small crown.[↗](../../circlet/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The golden circlet gleamed on his brow.[↗](../../circlet/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · She lost her circlet at the castle.[↗](../../circlet/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The queen wore a silver circlet in her hair.[↗](../../circlet/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Thy cheeks are comely with circlets, thy neck with beads.[↗](../../circlet/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings SNG.1.10, JPS 1917)[↗](../../circlet/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We will make thee circlets of gold with studs of silver.[↗](../../circlet/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings SNG.1.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../circlet/#x5 "tree and pragmatics")

**circuit** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An electrical circuit is a complete loop of wires and parts that electricity flows round, from the power source and back again.[↗](../../circuit/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A circuit is a route or track that goes round in a loop, like a racing circuit.[↗](../../circuit/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A circuit is one trip round such a loop.[↗](../../circuit/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Circuit training is exercise where you go round a set of different activities.[↗](../../circuit/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The bulb lights up only when the circuit is complete.[↗](../../circuit/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Draw a circuit diagram with a cell, a switch and a bulb.[↗](../../circuit/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · If you open the switch, the circuit is broken.[↗](../../circuit/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We ran three circuits of the field.[↗](../../circuit/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The racing cars sped round the circuit.[↗](../../circuit/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In PE we did circuit training.[↗](../../circuit/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A short circuit can start a fire.[↗](../../circuit/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Never make circuits with mains electricity; only use batteries.[↗](../../circuit/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Thick clouds are a covering to Him, that He seeth not; and He walketh in the circuit of heaven.'[↗](../../circuit/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.22.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../circuit/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And he went from year to year in circuit to Beth-el, and Gilgal, and Mizpah; and he judged Israel in all those places.[↗](../../circuit/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 1SA.7.16, JPS 1917)[↗](../../circuit/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And when David inquired of the LORD, He said: 'Thou shalt not go up; make a circuit behind them, and come upon them over against the mulberry-trees.[↗](../../circuit/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 2SA.5.23, JPS 1917)[↗](../../circuit/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**circular** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Circular means shaped like a circle, round.[↗](../../circular/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "a circular table".[↗](../../circular/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A circular route or walk goes round and ends where it started.[↗](../../circular/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A circular argument goes round in a loop: it uses what it is trying to prove as its reason.[↗](../../circular/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (noun) A circular is a letter or advert sent to many people at once.[↗](../../circular/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We sat at a circular table.[↗](../../circular/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A coin is circular.[↗](../../circular/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The circular track is 400 metres round, so 3 laps are 1,200 metres.[↗](../../circular/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We went on a circular walk around the lake.[↗](../../circular/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · A cylinder has two circular faces.[↗](../../circular/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The school sent a circular to all parents.[↗](../../circular/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Saying "it's true because it's true" is a circular argument.[↗](../../circular/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · “Ho! who is there?” called out a curious old duck, still bobbing up and down in the circular dance.[↗](../../circular/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**circulate** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (science) To move round and round inside something and come back, like blood around the body.[↗](../../circulate/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To pass from person to person or place to place, like news, money or a letter.[↗](../../circulate/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To move around a party and talk to many people.[↗](../../circulate/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The heart pumps blood to circulate around the body.[↗](../../circulate/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A letter was circulated to all parents.[↗](../../circulate/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Open the window to let the air circulate.[↗](../../circulate/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Rumours circulated about a new teacher.[↗](../../circulate/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Old coins still circulate in some countries.[↗](../../circulate/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · At the party Mum circulated and talked to everyone.[↗](../../circulate/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Water circulates through the pipes to the radiators.[↗](../../circulate/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The books were circulated throughout the world, and some of them reached the Emperor.[↗](../../circulate/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**circulation** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Circulation is the movement of blood around your body, pumped by the heart.[↗](../../circulation/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Circulation is movement of air or water around a place: «good air circulation».[↗](../../circulation/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Circulation is the passing of something from person to person: «coins in circulation».[↗](../../circulation/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* The circulation of a newspaper or magazine is how many copies are sold.[↗](../../circulation/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Exercise is good for your circulation.[↗](../../circulation/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The heart pumps blood for circulation around the body.[↗](../../circulation/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Open the window for better air circulation.[↗](../../circulation/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · These old coins are no longer in circulation.[↗](../../circulation/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The newspaper has a circulation of fifty thousand.[↗](../../circulation/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My toes went numb because of poor circulation.[↗](../../circulation/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Nevertheless, it is told upon the plantations with great gusto, and there are several versions in circulation.[↗](../../circulation/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**circulatory** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (science) To do with circulation, especially the movement of blood around the body by the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.[↗](../../circulatory/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To do with things moving in a circle or loop, like air or water moving round a system.[↗](../../circulatory/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The heart is the main organ of the circulatory system.[↗](../../circulatory/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Our circulatory system carries oxygen to every part of the body.[↗](../../circulatory/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We drew the circulatory system with red and blue arrows.[↗](../../circulatory/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Exercise is good for your circulatory health.[↗](../../circulatory/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandpa has circulatory problems, so his feet feel cold.[↗](../../circulatory/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Arteries, veins and capillaries are all part of the circulatory system.[↗](../../circulatory/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

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