---
title: C — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 47
description: The 1959 words of the English dictionary under C, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# C — The English dictionary · page 47

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**collie** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A breed of dog with a long pointed nose and thick fur, first used in Scotland to herd sheep.[↗](../../collie/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Border collie: a very clever working sheepdog, often black and white.[↗](../../collie/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The collie rounded up the sheep.[↗](../../collie/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Our border collie loves to chase balls.[↗](../../collie/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Collies need lots of exercise.[↗](../../collie/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Lassie is a famous rough collie.[↗](../../collie/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The farmer whistled to his collie.[↗](../../collie/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · A collie can learn many commands.[↗](../../collie/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Now, if you could plough the fields like the ox, or draw a cart like the horse, or look after the sheep like the collie-dog, that would be something.”[↗](../../collie/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**collins** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (a name) Collins is a common surname in Ireland, the UK, the USA and Australia, from the old Irish and English family names.[↗](../../collins/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Collins is also the name of a well-known British publisher of dictionaries and school books (Collins Dictionary).[↗](../../collins/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (rare) A collins, like a Tom Collins, is a tall cold mixed drink for adults made with lemon juice, sugar and fizzy water.[↗](../../collins/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mrs Collins is our new class teacher.[↗](../../collins/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Look the word up in the Collins Dictionary.[↗](../../collins/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Michael Collins flew round the Moon while the others walked on it.[↗](../../collins/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The Collins family live next door to us.[↗](../../collins/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Is your surname spelled Collins with two l's?[↗](../../collins/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad ordered a Tom Collins at the wedding, and I had lemonade.[↗](../../collins/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**collision** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A collision is when two or more things crash into each other while moving, like cars, people or balls.[↗](../../collision/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A collision is a strong disagreement between ideas or people: «a collision of interests».[↗](../../collision/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* There was a collision between two cars at the corner.[↗](../../collision/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The bus was in a collision with a lorry.[↗](../../collision/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Look both ways to avoid a collision.[↗](../../collision/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · In science, we rolled two balls to watch a collision.[↗](../../collision/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The two players had a collision and both fell.[↗](../../collision/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Their plans are on a collision course.[↗](../../collision/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Such a division of ideas seemed to promise civil wars and all kinds of troubles to the State, and even in the Palace the two parties frequently came into collision.[↗](../../collision/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**colloquial** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Colloquial language is the informal, everyday way people talk with friends and family, not the careful language of books, letters and exams.[↗](../../colloquial/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A colloquial word or phrase is one used mainly in casual speech, such as «gonna», «telly» or «kids».[↗](../../colloquial/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* «Kids» is a colloquial word for children.[↗](../../colloquial/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · In your report, avoid colloquial words like «stuff» and «loads».[↗](../../colloquial/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The characters in the story speak in colloquial English.[↗](../../colloquial/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · «Arvo» is a colloquial Australian word for afternoon.[↗](../../colloquial/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Our teacher explained that «gonna» is colloquial for «going to».[↗](../../colloquial/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Colloquially, people say «cheers» to mean «thank you».[↗](../../colloquial/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The book is written in a chatty, colloquial style.[↗](../../colloquial/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The colloquial manner rarely rises to the dignified, and the essence of the folk-tale manner in English is colloquial.[↗](../../colloquial/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**colloquially** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* In everyday, informal speech, not in formal writing: «A television is colloquially called a telly».[↗](../../colloquially/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A policeman is colloquially called a cop.[↗](../../colloquially/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The plant is colloquially known as «the sticky weed».[↗](../../colloquially/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In Australia, afternoon is colloquially «arvo».[↗](../../colloquially/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Spoken colloquially, «going to» becomes «gonna».[↗](../../colloquially/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The tower is colloquially called «the Gherkin».[↗](../../colloquially/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Money is colloquially called «dosh» in the UK.[↗](../../colloquially/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**colobus** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A slender African monkey with long silky fur, a long tail and only a stump instead of a thumb; the best-known kind is black and white.[↗](../../colobus/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The group of these monkeys, which live high in forest trees and eat mostly leaves.[↗](../../colobus/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The colobus leapt from tree to tree high above us.[↗](../../colobus/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A black-and-white colobus has a long, white, bushy tail.[↗](../../colobus/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Colobus monkeys eat leaves, not bananas.[↗](../../colobus/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The word «colobus» comes from a Greek word meaning «cut short», because of its missing thumb.[↗](../../colobus/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We saw colobus monkeys at the zoo in their tall tree house.[↗](../../colobus/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Cutting down forests puts some kinds of colobus in danger.[↗](../../colobus/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**cologne** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A light perfume, often for men, also called eau de cologne.[↗](../../cologne/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (a name) Cologne is a large city on the River Rhine in western Germany, famous for its huge Gothic cathedral (Köln in German).[↗](../../cologne/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Dad wears a bit of cologne on special days.[↗](../../cologne/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The cologne smelled of lemons and wood.[↗](../../cologne/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Too much cologne can make people sneeze.[↗](../../cologne/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Cologne Cathedral has two enormous spires.[↗](../../cologne/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We took a boat trip on the Rhine at Cologne.[↗](../../cologne/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Eau de cologne was first made in Cologne.[↗](../../cologne/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · She gave a shriek of alarm and fainted away, and they had to pour two barrels of eau-de-cologne over her before she recovered.[↗](../../cologne/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**colon** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A colon is the punctuation mark (:) that introduces a list, an explanation or an example: «You will need: a pen, a ruler and glue».[↗](../../colon/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The colon is the main part of the large intestine (large bowel), the tube in the body where water is taken out of food waste.[↗](../../colon/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* In maths and times, a colon separates numbers: in ratios (2:3) and in clock times (7:30).[↗](../../colon/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* The colon is the money of Costa Rica (colón).[↗](../../colon/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Put a colon before the list.[↗](../../colon/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Bring three things: a hat, a drink and sun cream.[↗](../../colon/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The colon is part of the large intestine.[↗](../../colon/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The ratio of boys to girls is 3:4.[↗](../../colon/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · School starts at 8:45.[↗](../../colon/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In a play script, write a colon after the name: «Tom: Hello!»[↗](../../colon/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**colonel** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A high-ranking officer in the army, air force or marines, above a major and below a general.[↗](../../colonel/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The colonel gave the order to march.[↗](../../colonel/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A colonel is higher than a major.[↗](../../colonel/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Colonel Mustard did it in the library with the rope\![↗](../../colonel/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The colonel's uniform had shiny badges.[↗](../../colonel/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Her grandfather was a colonel in the army.[↗](../../colonel/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The soldiers saluted the colonel.[↗](../../colonel/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · It was the colonel himself who came with the patrol, and he was not a little surprised when he found the recruit safe and sound.[↗](../../colonel/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**colonial** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Colonial describes things to do with a colony, a land ruled by another, faraway country.[↗](../../colonial/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Colonial describes the time when a country was a colony, such as colonial America or colonial India, and its buildings and furniture style.[↗](../../colonial/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (science) Colonial animals live joined together in groups, like corals.[↗](../../colonial/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* India was under British colonial rule for many years.[↗](../../colonial/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The thirteen colonial states became the USA.[↗](../../colonial/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Colonial houses often have tall white columns.[↗](../../colonial/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The museum shows life in colonial Australia.[↗](../../colonial/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Colonial powers drew borders across Africa.[↗](../../colonial/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Corals are colonial animals.[↗](../../colonial/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**colonisation** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* When one country takes control of another land and sends people to live there, often taking power from the people already living there.[↗](../../colonisation/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (science) When plants or animals move into a new place and start living there.[↗](../../colonisation/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The colonisation of Australia began in 1788.[↗](../../colonisation/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Colonisation took land from Indigenous peoples.[↗](../../colonisation/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Moss is often the first plant in the colonisation of bare rock.[↗](../../colonisation/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Some people dream of the colonisation of Mars.[↗](../../colonisation/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · India gained independence after years of British colonisation.[↗](../../colonisation/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Lessons discuss both what colonisers built and the harm they did.[↗](../../colonisation/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**colonise** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To colonise a place means a country sends people to settle there and takes control of the land, often from the people already living there.[↗](../../colonise/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (science) When plants, animals or germs colonise a place, they spread into it and start living and growing there.[↗](../../colonise/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Britain began to colonise Australia in 1788.[↗](../../colonise/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Settlers from Europe colonised large parts of North America.[↗](../../colonise/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The First Nations people did not invite anyone to colonise their land.[↗](../../colonise/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Weeds quickly colonised the empty car park.[↗](../../colonise/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Bacteria can colonise a cut if you do not clean it.[↗](../../colonise/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Some scientists dream of colonising Mars one day.[↗](../../colonise/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Lichens are often the first living things to colonise bare rock.[↗](../../colonise/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**colonised** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* When a country colonised a land, it took control of it and sent its people to live there, often taking the land from the people already living there.[↗](../../colonised/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (science) When animals or plants colonise a place, they move in and start living and growing there.[↗](../../colonised/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Britain colonised Australia and New Zealand.[↗](../../colonised/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The land was colonised by Europeans who took it from the people already living there.[↗](../../colonised/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Many colonised countries became independent later.[↗](../../colonised/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · After the fire, grasses quickly colonised the bare ground.[↗](../../colonised/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Moss colonised the old wall.[↗](../../colonised/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Bacteria colonised the dish of jelly in our experiment.[↗](../../colonised/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**coloniser** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A country or person that takes control of another land, settles there and rules the people who already live there.[↗](../../coloniser/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The colonisers took land from the Aboriginal people.[↗](../../coloniser/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Spanish colonisers came to South America in the 1500s.[↗](../../coloniser/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Many colonisers forced local people to work for them.[↗](../../coloniser/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The museum shows the story from the point of view of the colonised, not just the colonisers.[↗](../../coloniser/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Some colonisers built railways, but mainly to take away goods.[↗](../../coloniser/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Ireland had English colonisers in the plantation times.[↗](../../coloniser/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**colonist** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A colonist is a person who goes to live in a new land that is ruled by their home country, or who settles a new colony.[↗](../../colonist/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In history it often means the first settlers from Europe in places such as America, Australia or New Zealand.[↗](../../colonist/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The colonists built small wooden houses near the river.[↗](../../colonist/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Many colonists died during the first hard winter.[↗](../../colonist/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The colonists traded with the local people for food.[↗](../../colonist/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The American colonists did not want to pay taxes to Britain.[↗](../../colonist/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Aboriginal people had lived in Australia long before the colonists arrived.[↗](../../colonist/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In the story, colonists on Mars grow potatoes in domes.[↗](../../colonist/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Our class acted out a meeting between colonists and Native leaders.[↗](../../colonist/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · This divinity was introduced into Crete by its first colonists from Phrygia, in Asia Minor, in which country she was worshipped under the name of Cybele.[↗](../../colonist/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**colonized** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To colonize a place is to go to a faraway land, settle there and take control of it, often with people from another country.[↗](../../colonized/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Greek settlers colonized the land by the sea.[↗](../../colonized/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Long ago, many people colonized new islands.[↗](../../colonized/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The settlers colonized the valley and built farms there.[↗](../../colonized/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**colonnade** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A colonnade is a row of tall pillars, called columns, standing along the front or side of a building, with a roof over them.[↗](../../colonnade/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Tall white pillars made a colonnade along the palace front.[↗](../../colonnade/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We walked under the colonnade to get out of the rain.[↗](../../colonnade/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The old church has a fine colonnade.[↗](../../colonnade/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**colony** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A group of animals or plants of one kind that live together: a colony of ants, a bat colony.[↗](../../colony/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A country or area ruled by another, usually faraway, country: the thirteen American colonies.[↗](../../colony/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A group of people living together in a new place, far from their home country.[↗](../../colony/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (science) A group of bacteria or mould growing together on a dish.[↗](../../colony/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A colony of ants can have thousands of workers.[↗](../../colony/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We saw a seal colony on the rocks.[↗](../../colony/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The thirteen colonies became the United States.[↗](../../colony/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Australia was once a British colony.[↗](../../colony/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · A bacteria colony grew on the dish in the lab.[↗](../../colony/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Penguins nest in huge colonies.[↗](../../colony/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The Cat cunningly resolved to destroy this chance-made colony.[↗](../../colony/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**color** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Color is what we see when light of different kinds reaches our eyes, such as red, blue, green or yellow.[↗](../../color/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To color something is to fill it in with crayons, pens or paint.[↗](../../color/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A person's color can mean the color of their skin; this is a sensitive topic and should be spoken about with respect.[↗](../../color/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Color can mean interest or liveliness, as in «the story has lots of color».[↗](../../color/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* To color something can mean to change how it seems, as in «Her anger colored her judgment».[↗](../../color/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 6:* «Colors» can mean the flag of a team, school or army.[↗](../../color/#m6 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* What is your favorite color?[↗](../../color/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Color the triangle blue and the square red.[↗](../../color/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A rainbow has seven colors.[↗](../../color/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Mix yellow and blue to get the color green.[↗](../../color/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The leaves change color in the fall.[↗](../../color/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She passed the test with flying colors.[↗](../../color/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The bag has 3 red marbles and 2 blue ones; what is the chance of picking each color?[↗](../../color/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Treat everyone fairly, whatever the color of their skin.[↗](../../color/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · They were of every fragrance and color.[↗](../../color/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**coloration** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Coloration is the pattern and colours on an animal or plant.[↗](../../coloration/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (formal) Coloration can mean the general colour of something, or the way something is coloured.[↗](../../coloration/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The tiger's striped coloration hides it in long grass.[↗](../../coloration/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Bright warning coloration tells birds that the frog is poisonous.[↗](../../coloration/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The bird's coloration changes in winter.[↗](../../coloration/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Scientists studied the coloration of the butterfly wings.[↗](../../coloration/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Some animals use coloration to attract a mate.[↗](../../coloration/#x5 "tree and pragmatics")

**colored** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Colored means having a color, or not plain white or black.[↗](../../colored/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Colored is also the past of color: filled in with color, like with crayons.[↗](../../colored/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Colored can also mean changed to a rich brown or other shade by long use, as with a smoked pipe.[↗](../../colored/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* She has 24 colored pencils.[↗](../../colored/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · 3 of the 8 parts are colored.[↗](../../colored/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He bought 5 packs of colored paper.[↗](../../colored/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · What fraction is colored?[↗](../../colored/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The window has colored glass.[↗](../../colored/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She colored the sky blue.[↗](../../colored/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The tree has colored lights.[↗](../../colored/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Draw it with colored chalk.[↗](../../colored/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · One can see that he's a colored meerschaum.[↗](../../colored/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**colors** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (US spelling) Colors is the plural of «color», the qualities like red, blue and yellow that we see.[↗](../../colors/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A team's or country's colors are the colours of its uniform or flag.[↗](../../colors/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* As a verb, «colors» means fills with colour or influences: «It colors her opinion».[↗](../../colors/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The rainbow has seven colors.[↗](../../colors/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Mix two colors to make green.[↗](../../colors/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The fans wore their team's colors.[↗](../../colors/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She passed the test with flying colors.[↗](../../colors/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He showed his true colors when he cheated.[↗](../../colors/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My little sister colors in her book every day.[↗](../../colors/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The endless halls shine in marble and many colors.[↗](../../colors/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

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