---
title: C — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 71
description: The 1959 words of the English dictionary under C, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# C — The English dictionary · page 71

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**contracted** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Became smaller or shorter (The metal contracted as it cooled).[↗](../../contracted/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Caught an illness (She contracted measles).[↗](../../contracted/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Made a formal agreement to do work (The firm was contracted to build the bridge).[↗](../../contracted/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (grammar) Shortened by joining words (a contracted form like «don't»).[↗](../../contracted/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* To contract something can mean to get or pick up a habit, dirt or friendship over time.[↗](../../contracted/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The metal rail contracted in the cold night.[↗](../../contracted/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The muscle contracted and lifted the arm.[↗](../../contracted/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He contracted chickenpox from his cousin.[↗](../../contracted/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The builders were contracted to fix the roof.[↗](../../contracted/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · «Won't» is the contracted form of «will not».[↗](../../contracted/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The puddle contracted as the sun dried it.[↗](../../contracted/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · After a time he became an adept in the black art, and contracted an intimate acquaintance with the fiendish races.[↗](../../contracted/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**contraction** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* In grammar, a contraction is a short form made by joining two words with an apostrophe, like «don't» (do not) or «I'm» (I am).[↗](../../contraction/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In science, contraction means getting smaller or shorter, like a metal shrinking when it cools or a muscle tightening.[↗](../../contraction/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Contractions are the tightenings of the womb when a baby is about to be born.[↗](../../contraction/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* «Won't» is a contraction of «will not».[↗](../../contraction/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The apostrophe shows the missing letters in a contraction.[↗](../../contraction/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Cold weather causes contraction of the metal rails.[↗](../../contraction/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Muscle contraction makes your arm bend.[↗](../../contraction/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum's contractions started, so they went to the hospital.[↗](../../contraction/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Write the contraction for «they are».[↗](../../contraction/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**contractor** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A contractor is a person or company paid to do a particular job, especially building or repair work, under an agreement.[↗](../../contractor/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A contractor is a worker hired for a job for a set time rather than as a regular employee.[↗](../../contractor/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The contractor is building a new garage next door.[↗](../../contractor/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We hired a contractor to fix the leaking roof.[↗](../../contractor/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The contractor charges 40 dollars an hour.[↗](../../contractor/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Two contractors finished the fence in three days.[↗](../../contractor/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · My aunt works as a contractor for a computer company.[↗](../../contractor/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The contractor showed us a plan before he started.[↗](../../contractor/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**contradict** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To contradict someone means to say the opposite of what they have said, showing you think they are wrong.[↗](../../contradict/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* If two facts or statements contradict each other, they cannot both be true.[↗](../../contradict/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To contradict yourself means to say two things that do not fit together.[↗](../../contradict/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The two witnesses contradicted each other.[↗](../../contradict/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · "Don't contradict your grandfather," said Mum.[↗](../../contradict/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The results of our test contradicted our prediction.[↗](../../contradict/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · You just contradicted yourself: first you said yes, then no.[↗](../../contradict/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The new evidence contradicts his story.[↗](../../contradict/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · It's fine to contradict someone politely if you have facts.[↗](../../contradict/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · "All odd numbers end in 1" is contradicted by the number 3.[↗](../../contradict/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · "Will you dare to contradict me?" said the step-mother.[↗](../../contradict/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**contradiction** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A situation in which two statements or facts cannot both be true: «There is a contradiction between his two stories».[↗](../../contradiction/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Saying the opposite of what someone else has said: «She spoke without contradiction».[↗](../../contradiction/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A contradiction in terms: a phrase whose parts seem to oppose each other, like «a quiet shout».[↗](../../contradiction/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* There is a contradiction in your story: first you said Monday, then Tuesday.[↗](../../contradiction/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · «Freezing hot» is a contradiction in terms.[↗](../../contradiction/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The detective noticed a contradiction in the butler's alibi.[↗](../../contradiction/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · In maths we used proof by contradiction to show there is no biggest number.[↗](../../contradiction/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · His actions were in contradiction to his promises.[↗](../../contradiction/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Saying that all rules must be broken is a contradiction, because that is itself a rule.[↗](../../contradiction/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The two websites gave answers in direct contradiction.[↗](../../contradiction/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Soft tones and charming songs reached her ear, as well as harsh sounds and rough words--thoughts and opinions in strange contradiction to each other.[↗](../../contradiction/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · ()f the Sefer Yetzirah II little need be said ; it abounds in trifles, contradictions and repetitions.[↗](../../contradiction/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../contradiction/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**contradictory** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Contradictory statements or ideas cannot both be true because they say opposite things.[↗](../../contradictory/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A contradictory person often says the opposite of what others say, or of what they themselves said before.[↗](../../contradictory/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The two witnesses gave contradictory accounts of the crash.[↗](../../contradictory/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · «It is raining» and «it is not raining» are contradictory statements.[↗](../../contradictory/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum and Dad gave me contradictory instructions about bedtime.[↗](../../contradictory/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The experiment gave contradictory results, so we repeated it.[↗](../../contradictory/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The rules on the sign were contradictory: «Keep left» and «Keep right».[↗](../../contradictory/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · His contradictory answers made the detective suspicious.[↗](../../contradictory/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The puzzle has two contradictory clues, so one of the twins must be lying.[↗](../../contradictory/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Of a contradictory woman the Russian peasants affirm that, "If you say 'shaved' she'll say 'cut.'"[↗](../../contradictory/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**contradistinction** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (formal) Contradistinction is telling two things apart by showing how they are opposite or different.[↗](../../contradistinction/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mammals feed their babies milk, in contradistinction to reptiles, which do not.[↗](../../contradistinction/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The essay described day, in contradistinction to night.[↗](../../contradistinction/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Facts, in contradistinction to opinions, can be checked.[↗](../../contradistinction/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The writer drew a contradistinction between bravery and foolishness.[↗](../../contradistinction/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Living things, in contradistinction to rocks, grow and reproduce.[↗](../../contradistinction/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In contradistinction to his noisy brother, Tom was very quiet.[↗](../../contradistinction/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**contrary** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Contrary means opposite or very different: «contrary opinions».[↗](../../contrary/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* «On the contrary» is used to say the opposite is true: «Bored?[↗](../../contrary/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") On the contrary, I loved it».[↗](../../contrary/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (said «con-TRAIR-ee») A contrary person deliberately does the opposite of what others want.[↗](../../contrary/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* «Contrary to» means against or different from: «contrary to the rules».[↗](../../contrary/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Contrary to popular belief, bats are not blind.[↗](../../contrary/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · «Are you tired?»[↗](../../contrary/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") «On the contrary, I'm full of energy.»[↗](../../contrary/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Running in the corridor is contrary to the rules.[↗](../../contrary/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Mary, Mary, quite contrary, how does your garden grow?[↗](../../contrary/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Unless I hear to the contrary, we'll meet at three.[↗](../../contrary/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The two sisters had contrary views.[↗](../../contrary/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · "What are you doing, you contrary thief?" said the master.[↗](../../contrary/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · And if ye will not for all this hearken unto Me, but walk contrary unto Me; (Torah LEV.26.27, JPS 1917)[↗](../../contrary/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And if in spite of these things ye will not be corrected unto Me, but will walk contrary unto Me; (Torah LEV.26.23, JPS 1917)[↗](../../contrary/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · then will I also walk contrary unto you; and I will smite you, even I, seven times for your sins.[↗](../../contrary/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.26.24, JPS 1917)[↗](../../contrary/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And the contrary is in thee from other women, in that thou didst solicit to harlotry, and wast not solicited; and in that thou givest hire, and no hire is given unto thee, thus thou art contrary.[↗](../../contrary/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.16.34, JPS 1917)[↗](../../contrary/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**contrast** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* noun A clear difference between two things when you put them side by side.[↗](../../contrast/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* verb To compare two things to show how they are different.[↗](../../contrast/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* verb To be very different from something: «Her red coat contrasted with the white snow».[↗](../../contrast/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (art, screens) The difference between light and dark parts of a picture.[↗](../../contrast/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* There's a big contrast between the hot day and the cold night.[↗](../../contrast/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Compare and contrast life in a city and in the countryside.[↗](../../contrast/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In contrast to his brother, Ben is very quiet.[↗](../../contrast/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The black letters contrast well with the yellow paper.[↗](../../contrast/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Turn up the contrast so the picture is clearer.[↗](../../contrast/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · «However» is a word that shows contrast.[↗](../../contrast/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The obscurity of the Celtic tale forms a striking contrast to the lucidity of the Slavonic.[↗](../../contrast/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Pistorius gave " scriptis, numeratis, pronunciatis."[↗](../../contrast/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") Postellus gave " Numerans, numerus, numeratus," thus losing the contrasted meanings ; and so did Rittangelius, who gave " Numero, numerante, numerate."[↗](../../contrast/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../contrast/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · They are called Double, because each letter presents a contrast or permutation; thus Life and Death; Peace and War (Evil); Wisdom and Folly; Riches and Poverty; Grace and Indignation; Fertility and Solitude (Desolation); Power and Servitude.[↗](../../contrast/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../contrast/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · He failed, however, to see that by way of contrast riTnr must necessarily mean consonants.[↗](../../contrast/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../contrast/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**contravene** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (formal) To break a law, rule or agreement.[↗](../../contravene/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (formal, rare) To go against or disagree with an idea or statement.[↗](../../contravene/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Parking on the zigzag lines outside school contravenes the rules.[↗](../../contravene/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The factory contravened safety laws and had to pay a fine.[↗](../../contravene/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Pupils who contravene the phone policy will have phones confiscated.[↗](../../contravene/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The referee said the tackle contravened the rules of the game.[↗](../../contravene/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Feeding the animals contravenes the zoo's rules.[↗](../../contravene/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Building the wall so high contravened the planning law.[↗](../../contravene/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**contribute** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To contribute is to give money, time or help together with other people.[↗](../../contribute/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To contribute to something is to help cause it.[↗](../../contribute/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To contribute an idea is to share it in a discussion.[↗](../../contribute/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* To contribute to a magazine or book is to send in a piece of writing for it to be printed.[↗](../../contribute/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Everyone contributed a pound for the gift.[↗](../../contribute/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Please contribute your ideas.[↗](../../contribute/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Litter contributes to pollution.[↗](../../contribute/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She contributed three goals to the win.[↗](../../contribute/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Lack of sleep contributed to his grumpiness.[↗](../../contribute/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We all contributed food for the picnic.[↗](../../contribute/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Mr. Toulmin Smith gave another version in The Constitutional, July 1, 1853, which was translated by his daughter, and contributed to Mélusine, t. ii.[↗](../../contribute/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**contribution** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A contribution is something you give, especially money, to help pay for something or to help a group.[↗](../../contribution/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A contribution is the part someone plays in making something happen or succeed.[↗](../../contribution/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A contribution is a piece of writing or an idea given to a magazine, book, discussion or project.[↗](../../contribution/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Everyone made a contribution of two pounds towards the teacher's present.[↗](../../contribution/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Thank you for your contribution to the bake sale\![↗](../../contribution/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Her contribution to the project was the poster.[↗](../../contribution/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The scientist made a huge contribution to medicine.[↗](../../contribution/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · My contribution to the picnic was a bowl of strawberries.[↗](../../contribution/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · If 25 children each give a contribution of 4 dollars, the class collects 100 dollars.[↗](../../contribution/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The magazine printed two contributions from our class.[↗](../../contribution/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · This barrel of nails is my whole fortune, which I wish to give as my contribution towards the bride’s house furnishing.”[↗](../../contribution/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · I therefore hope that the candid reader will consider the great difficulties I had to overcome in this still unbeaten way of the ancient Jewish spiritual region, and will receive with indulgence this new contribution to archaeological knowledge.[↗](../../contribution/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../contribution/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**contributor** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A person who gives money, help or ideas to something together with others: contributors to the charity.[↗](../../contributor/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A person who writes articles or parts for a book, magazine, website or project.[↗](../../contributor/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Something that helps cause something: smoking is a major contributor to heart disease.[↗](../../contributor/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Every contributor to the class book wrote one page.[↗](../../contributor/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The charity thanked all its contributors.[↗](../../contributor/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Twenty contributors gave 5 dollars each, so 100 dollars was raised.[↗](../../contributor/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Cars are a big contributor to air pollution.[↗](../../contributor/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · She is a regular contributor to the school newspaper.[↗](../../contributor/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · (formal) Each contributor shall receive a certificate.[↗](../../contributor/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**contrite** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* feeling deep sorrow for wrongdoing.[↗](../../contrite/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and a contrite heart, O God, Thou wilt not despise.[↗](../../contrite/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.51.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../contrite/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The LORD is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart, and saveth such as are of a contrite spirit.[↗](../../contrite/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.34.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../contrite/#x2 "tree and pragmatics")

**contrition** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* deep sorrow and regret for wrongdoing.[↗](../../contrition/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Thou turnest man to contrition; and sayest: 'Return, ye children of men.'[↗](../../contrition/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.90.3, JPS 1917)[↗](../../contrition/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**contrivance** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A clever device or plan, often made with ingenious thinking.[↗](../../contrivance/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The inventor showed us his clever contrivance for lifting water.[↗](../../contrivance/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The trap was a simple contrivance of string and sticks.[↗](../../contrivance/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Her contrivance got the cat out of the box.[↗](../../contrivance/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**contrive** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To manage, by some clever means, to do something or bring a result about.[↗](../../contrive/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To make or build something cleverly.[↗](../../contrive/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* She contrived to be first in the queue.[↗](../../contrive/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad contrived a shelf from an old box.[↗](../../contrive/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · I must contrive a way to get home before dark.[↗](../../contrive/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**contrived** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (adjective) Seeming false and planned, not natural or believable: «The ending of the film felt contrived».[↗](../../contrived/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (verb, past of contrive) Managed to do something by being clever or tricky: «She contrived to escape».[↗](../../contrived/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (verb, past of contrive) Made or invented something cleverly: «They contrived a raft from old barrels».[↗](../../contrived/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The story's happy ending felt contrived.[↗](../../contrived/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · His contrived smile showed he was not really pleased.[↗](../../contrived/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The prisoners contrived a rope from their bedsheets.[↗](../../contrived/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She somehow contrived to finish her homework during breakfast.[↗](../../contrived/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The film's coincidences were so contrived that we laughed.[↗](../../contrived/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Write dialogue that sounds natural, not contrived.[↗](../../contrived/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · How they contrived to keep themselves alive is more than I can imagine.[↗](../../contrived/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**control** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To control something means to make it do what you want, like steering a toy car.[↗](../../control/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To control yourself means to keep calm and not let anger or tears take over.[↗](../../control/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Control is the power to make something or someone do what you want.[↗](../../control/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Controls are the buttons, levers or knobs that work a machine.[↗](../../control/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* In a science experiment, the control is the part you keep the same so you can compare.[↗](../../control/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Use the remote control to turn on the TV.[↗](../../control/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The pilot controls the plane from the cockpit.[↗](../../control/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Try to control your temper.[↗](../../control/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The fire was finally under control.[↗](../../control/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The bike went out of control down the hill.[↗](../../control/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Press the controls to make the robot move.[↗](../../control/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · In our experiment, the plant with no fertiliser was the control.[↗](../../control/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · She lost control of the ball and it rolled away.[↗](../../control/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · I lost control of myself and rushed upon him.[↗](../../control/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · The Elohim are the Seven Forces, proceeding from the One Divine, which control the ''terra viventium," the manifested world of life.[↗](../../control/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../control/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

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