---
title: C — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 99
description: The 1959 words of the English dictionary under C, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# C — The English dictionary · page 99

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**cuttlefish** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cuttlefish is a sea animal related to the squid and octopus, with a wide flat body, eight arms, two long tentacles, a fin around its body and a hard flat shell inside called a cuttlebone.[↗](../../cuttlefish/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* It can change its colour and pattern in a flash to hide or to send messages.[↗](../../cuttlefish/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The cuttlefish changed colour to match the rocks.[↗](../../cuttlefish/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A cuttlefish squirts ink when it is scared.[↗](../../cuttlefish/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We found a white cuttlebone on the beach.[↗](../../cuttlefish/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The budgie pecks at its cuttlebone.[↗](../../cuttlefish/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Cuttlefish flash stripes of colour to hypnotise their prey.[↗](../../cuttlefish/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Giant cuttlefish gather near Whyalla in South Australia.[↗](../../cuttlefish/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A cuttlefish has eight arms and two longer tentacles.[↗](../../cuttlefish/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Despite its name, a cuttlefish is not a fish.[↗](../../cuttlefish/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**cv** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (work) CV stands for curriculum vitae (Latin for "the course of life"): a short written list of your education, jobs and skills that you send when applying for a job.[↗](../../cv/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") In the USA a similar paper is called a résumé.[↗](../../cv/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In science, cv can also be a short way of writing other terms, but for pupils CV means the job paper.[↗](../../cv/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mum is updating her CV to look for a new job.[↗](../../cv/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Please send your CV and a short letter.[↗](../../cv/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In careers class we wrote a CV with our hobbies and skills.[↗](../../cv/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Volunteering looks good on a CV.[↗](../../cv/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad's CV is two pages long.[↗](../../cv/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In America they ask for a résumé instead of a CV.[↗](../../cv/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**cyan** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Cyan is a bright greenish-blue colour, like a clear tropical sea.[↗](../../cyan/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (science, printing) Cyan is one of the main colours of printer ink, together with magenta, yellow and black (CMYK).[↗](../../cyan/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The printer has run out of cyan ink.[↗](../../cyan/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Cyan is a mix of blue and green light.[↗](../../cyan/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She painted the sky cyan in her picture.[↗](../../cyan/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The swimming pool water looked cyan in the sun.[↗](../../cyan/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · CMYK stands for cyan, magenta, yellow and black.[↗](../../cyan/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · On the screen, cyan and red together make white light.[↗](../../cyan/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The cyan text was hard to read on the white page.[↗](../../cyan/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**cyanide** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A very strong poison that can kill quickly.[↗](../../cyanide/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* In the detective story, the victim was poisoned with cyanide.[↗](../../cyanide/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Cyanide is a deadly poison.[↗](../../cyanide/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Apple seeds contain a tiny bit of cyanide.[↗](../../cyanide/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Factories must store cyanide safely.[↗](../../cyanide/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Cyanide is used in gold mining.[↗](../../cyanide/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The detective noticed a smell of bitter almonds.[↗](../../cyanide/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**cyanobacteria** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Tiny living things, a kind of bacteria, that make their own food from sunlight like plants do.[↗](../../cyanobacteria/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Sometimes called blue-green algae, they live in water and can turn ponds and lakes green.[↗](../../cyanobacteria/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Cyanobacteria make food from sunlight just like plants.[↗](../../cyanobacteria/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Billions of years ago, cyanobacteria filled the air with oxygen.[↗](../../cyanobacteria/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The sign said the lake had cyanobacteria, so no swimming.[↗](../../cyanobacteria/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Keep your dog out of the green, scummy water.[↗](../../cyanobacteria/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Under the microscope the cyanobacteria looked like tiny green threads.[↗](../../cyanobacteria/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Stromatolites are rocky mounds built by cyanobacteria.[↗](../../cyanobacteria/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A warm summer can make cyanobacteria grow fast in ponds.[↗](../../cyanobacteria/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**cycle** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cycle is something that happens again and again in the same order, like the seasons or day and night.[↗](../../cycle/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To cycle means to ride a bike.[↗](../../cycle/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") A cycle is also a bike.[↗](../../cycle/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A cycle is one full round of a machine, like a washing machine cycle.[↗](../../cycle/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He cycled 12 km in an hour.[↗](../../cycle/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A washing cycle takes 40 minutes.[↗](../../cycle/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The light cycle is red, green, yellow, then again.[↗](../../cycle/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She cycles to school 5 days a week.[↗](../../cycle/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The water cycle moves water from the sea to the clouds and back.[↗](../../cycle/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We learned about the life cycle of a butterfly.[↗](../../cycle/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Ride in the cycle lane, not on the footpath.[↗](../../cycle/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The moon goes through a cycle of shapes in about a month.[↗](../../cycle/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**cyclist** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cyclist is a person who rides a bicycle.[↗](../../cyclist/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A cyclist rides 15 kilometres in an hour.[↗](../../cyclist/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The cyclist travels 12 miles each day for 5 days.[↗](../../cyclist/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · There are 30 cyclists in the race.[↗](../../cyclist/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Two cyclists start from towns 60 km apart and ride toward each other.[↗](../../cyclist/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Cyclists should always wear a helmet.[↗](../../cyclist/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The cyclist signalled before turning left.[↗](../../cyclist/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Drivers must leave space when they pass a cyclist.[↗](../../cyclist/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The cyclists sped down the hill in the race.[↗](../../cyclist/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**cyclone** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cyclone is a very strong storm with winds spinning around a calm centre.[↗](../../cyclone/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In the Indian Ocean and around Australia, the big tropical storms called hurricanes elsewhere are called cyclones.[↗](../../cyclone/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* In weather science, a cyclone is any area of low air pressure with winds turning around it.[↗](../../cyclone/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A cyclone hit the coast of Queensland.[↗](../../cyclone/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The cyclone brought strong winds and heavy rain.[↗](../../cyclone/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Schools closed because of the cyclone warning.[↗](../../cyclone/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The eye of a cyclone is calm and clear.[↗](../../cyclone/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We stayed inside until the cyclone passed.[↗](../../cyclone/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The cyclone knocked down trees and power lines.[↗](../../cyclone/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Cyclone season in northern Australia is in the hot months.[↗](../../cyclone/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Scientists gave the cyclone a name.[↗](../../cyclone/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · You also came through the air, being carried by a cyclone.[↗](../../cyclone/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**cyclops** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (myth) A Cyclops is a giant with only one eye in the middle of its forehead, from ancient Greek myths; the most famous is Polyphemus, who trapped Odysseus (Ulysses) in his cave.[↗](../../cyclops/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (science) Cyclops: a tiny freshwater animal (a copepod, a kind of crustacean) with one eye spot, found in ponds.[↗](../../cyclops/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (a name) A character name in comics and films, such as the X-Men hero who shoots beams from his eyes.[↗](../../cyclops/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The Cyclops had one huge eye in the middle of his forehead.[↗](../../cyclops/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Odysseus tricked the Cyclops by saying his name was «Nobody».[↗](../../cyclops/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In Greek myths, the Cyclopes made thunderbolts for Zeus.[↗](../../cyclops/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We saw a tiny cyclops wriggling in the pond water under the microscope.[↗](../../cyclops/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · My little brother dressed up as a Cyclops for Halloween.[↗](../../cyclops/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The Cyclops rolled a giant stone across the cave door.[↗](../../cyclops/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The chief representative of the Cyclops was the man-eating monster Polyphemus, described by Homer as having been blinded and outwitted at last by Odysseus.[↗](../../cyclops/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**cygnet** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cygnet is a young swan.[↗](../../cygnet/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Five grey cygnets swam behind their mother.[↗](../../cygnet/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The ugly duckling was really a cygnet.[↗](../../cygnet/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Cygnets sometimes ride on the swan's back.[↗](../../cygnet/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't go near the cygnets — the parents will protect them fiercely.[↗](../../cygnet/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · By winter the cygnets were almost as big as their parents.[↗](../../cygnet/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We watched the cygnets hatch on the river bank.[↗](../../cygnet/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Suddenly Coo-my-dove changed into a goshawk and around him flew twenty-four grey herons and above them flew seven cygnets.[↗](../../cygnet/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**cylinder** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cylinder is a 3D shape with two equal flat circles at the ends and one curved side joining them, like a tin of beans.[↗](../../cylinder/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A cylinder is a tube-shaped container or machine part, such as a gas cylinder or the cylinder in a car engine.[↗](../../cylinder/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A tin of soup is a cylinder.[↗](../../cylinder/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A cylinder has two circle faces and one curved face.[↗](../../cylinder/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · How many flat faces does a cylinder have?[↗](../../cylinder/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Divers carry oxygen cylinders.[↗](../../cylinder/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Keep the gas cylinder away from fire.[↗](../../cylinder/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The team is firing on all cylinders today.[↗](../../cylinder/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · For instance, why a piece of iron which is rubbed on a cylinder, should become magnetic.[↗](../../cylinder/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**cylindrical** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Cylindrical means shaped like a cylinder: a long round shape with two flat circles at its ends, like a tin can or a tube.[↗](../../cylindrical/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A tin of beans is cylindrical.[↗](../../cylindrical/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The tower was tall and cylindrical.[↗](../../cylindrical/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Roll the paper into a cylindrical shape.[↗](../../cylindrical/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · A cylindrical container holds more if it is wider.[↗](../../cylindrical/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Many batteries are cylindrical.[↗](../../cylindrical/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The candle is cylindrical, with a circle on each end.[↗](../../cylindrical/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**cymbal** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cymbal is a round flat metal plate used as a musical instrument, hit with a stick or clashed against another cymbal to make a loud ringing crash.[↗](../../cymbal/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (music) A hi-hat is a pair of cymbals on a drum kit worked with the foot.[↗](../../cymbal/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The drummer crashed the cymbal at the end of the song.[↗](../../cymbal/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Clash the cymbals together when I nod.[↗](../../cymbal/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Cymbals are part of the percussion section.[↗](../../cymbal/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The noise of the cymbals made the baby jump.[↗](../../cymbal/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The psalm says, «Praise him with loud cymbals.»[↗](../../cymbal/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My little brother wants a drum kit with real cymbals.[↗](../../cymbal/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The Sultan sent musicians with trumpets and cymbals to meet them, so that the air resounded with music and cheers.[↗](../../cymbal/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Praise Him with the loud-sounding cymbals; praise Him with the clanging cymbals.[↗](../../cymbal/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.150.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../cymbal/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were appointed, with cymbals of brass to sound aloud; (Writings 1CH.15.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../cymbal/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And David and all Israel played before God with all their might; even with songs, and with harps, and with psalteries, and with timbrels, and with cymbals, and with trumpets.[↗](../../cymbal/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings 1CH.13.8, JPS 1917)[↗](../../cymbal/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**cypher** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A person of no importance, a nobody.[↗](../../cypher/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A secret code, or the sign for the figure 0.[↗](../../cypher/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Don't call him a cypher; he is clever.[↗](../../cypher/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The cypher message took an hour to read.[↗](../../cypher/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We wrote the number zero as a cypher.[↗](../../cypher/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**cypress** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A tall evergreen tree with dark, pointed leaves, often planted in gardens and graveyards.[↗](../../cypress/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (old use) A branch of the tree, a sign of mourning.[↗](../../cypress/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We planted a cypress in the garden.[↗](../../cypress/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Mourners carried cypress branches.[↗](../../cypress/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The tall cypress stood by the gate.[↗](../../cypress/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The beams of our houses are cedars, and our panels are cypresses.[↗](../../cypress/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings SNG.1.17, JPS 1917)[↗](../../cypress/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · So Hiram gave Solomon timber of cedar and timber of cypress according to all his desire.[↗](../../cypress/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 1KI.5.24, JPS 1917)[↗](../../cypress/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · And the greater house he covered with cypress-wood, which he overlaid with fine gold, and wrought thereon palm-trees and chains.[↗](../../cypress/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings 2CH.3.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../cypress/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**cyril** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (a name) Cyril is a man's first name.[↗](../../cyril/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (a name, church) Saint Cyril was a Christian missionary of the 800s who, with his brother Methodius, brought the Christian faith and writing to Slavic peoples.[↗](../../cyril/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Cyril is my great-grandad's name.[↗](../../cyril/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Saint Cyril and his brother Methodius were missionaries.[↗](../../cyril/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The Cyrillic alphabet is named after Saint Cyril.[↗](../../cyril/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Uncle Cyril told us stories about the war.[↗](../../cyril/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Ukrainian is written in Cyrillic letters.[↗](../../cyril/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The book was by an author called Cyril.[↗](../../cyril/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**cyrillic** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Cyrillic is the alphabet used to write Ukrainian, Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Belarusian, Macedonian, Kazakh, Mongolian and other languages.[↗](../../cyrillic/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Cyrillic letters include some that look like English ones (А, О, Т) and others that do not (Ж, Ш, Щ, Ї).[↗](../../cyrillic/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Ukrainian is written in the Cyrillic alphabet.[↗](../../cyrillic/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The sign was in Cyrillic, so I could not read it.[↗](../../cyrillic/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The Cyrillic letter Ж sounds like the "s" in "treasure".[↗](../../cyrillic/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Cyrillic was named after Saint Cyril.[↗](../../cyrillic/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · In Cyrillic, the letter Р is said like an "r".[↗](../../cyrillic/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We learned to write our names in Cyrillic.[↗](../../cyrillic/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**cystic** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (medicine) To do with a cyst, a small sac or bubble in the body filled with fluid.[↗](../../cystic/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (medicine) To do with the bladder or gall bladder.[↗](../../cystic/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Mostly heard in «cystic fibrosis», an illness people are born with that makes thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and gut.[↗](../../cystic/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* My cousin has cystic fibrosis and does breathing exercises every day.[↗](../../cystic/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Cystic fibrosis is not catching; you are born with it.[↗](../../cystic/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The doctor said the lump was a cystic swelling, full of fluid.[↗](../../cystic/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Children with cystic fibrosis often need extra salt and food.[↗](../../cystic/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Charities raise money to research cystic fibrosis.[↗](../../cystic/#x5 "tree and pragmatics")

**cytokine** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (science) A cytokine is a tiny protein that cells send out as a message, especially to control the body's immune system when fighting germs.[↗](../../cytokine/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Cytokines tell white blood cells where to go.[↗](../../cytokine/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · When you have flu, cytokines help cause the fever.[↗](../../cytokine/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Scientists study cytokines to make new medicines.[↗](../../cytokine/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Cytokines are messages sent from one cell to another.[↗](../../cytokine/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Some cytokines calm the immune system down.[↗](../../cytokine/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Too many cytokines at once can make a person very ill.[↗](../../cytokine/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**czar** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The title of a ruler of Russia long ago, also spelled «tsar».[↗](../../czar/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (informal) A person who has power over a certain area, such as a «rules czar».[↗](../../czar/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The Czar lived in a great palace.[↗](../../czar/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The girl drew the Czar's palace.[↗](../../czar/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Long ago, a czar ruled all the lands of Russia.[↗](../../czar/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**czech** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Czech means from or of the Czech Republic (Czechia), a country in central Europe.[↗](../../czech/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A Czech is a person from the Czech Republic.[↗](../../czech/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Czech is the language spoken there.[↗](../../czech/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic.[↗](../../czech/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My friend's mum is Czech.[↗](../../czech/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She is learning to speak Czech.[↗](../../czech/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The Czech team won the ice hockey match.[↗](../../czech/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We tried a Czech dumpling at the market.[↗](../../czech/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Czech is written with letters like č and ř.[↗](../../czech/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

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