---
title: D — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 12
description: The 1197 words of the English dictionary under D, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# D — The English dictionary · page 12

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**deficient** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Not having enough of something that is needed, especially in the body or diet: «deficient in iron».[↗](../../deficient/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Not good enough; having weaknesses or faults: «deficient skills».[↗](../../deficient/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Her diet was deficient in iron, so she felt tired.[↗](../../deficient/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Sailors long ago got ill from food deficient in vitamin C.[↗](../../deficient/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The soil is deficient in nitrogen, so the plants are yellow.[↗](../../deficient/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The report found the old bridge was deficient and unsafe.[↗](../../deficient/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He was deficient in sleep after the long trip.[↗](../../deficient/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · (formal) The candidate's answer was deficient in detail.[↗](../../deficient/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The Russian peasant is by no means deficient in humor, a fact of which the Skazkas offer abundant evidence.[↗](../../deficient/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**deficit** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An amount by which something is too small: how much is missing compared with what is needed.[↗](../../deficit/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (money) The amount by which money spent is more than money coming in.[↗](../../deficit/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (sport) The number of points or goals a team is behind.[↗](../../deficit/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We needed 30 chairs but had only 24, a deficit of six.[↗](../../deficit/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The club has a deficit, so it must raise money.[↗](../../deficit/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The government's budget deficit grew this year.[↗](../../deficit/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Our team overcame a three-goal deficit to win.[↗](../../deficit/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · After the late night I had a sleep deficit.[↗](../../deficit/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The school fair helped make up the deficit.[↗](../../deficit/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · There is a deficit of rain this summer.[↗](../../deficit/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**defile** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (noun) A defile is a narrow path or valley between high rocks or hills, where only a few can pass at a time.[↗](../../defile/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (verb, old use) To defile something is to make it dirty or spoil it so it cannot be used.[↗](../../defile/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Early Modern English, meaning 1:* To make something impure or dirty; as a noun, a narrow path between hills.[↗](../../defile/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The army marched through the defile in single file.[↗](../../defile/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The road ran through a narrow defile between two cliffs.[↗](../../defile/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Do not defile the spring with rubbish.[↗](../../defile/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · And thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour's wife, to defile thyself with her.[↗](../../defile/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.18.20, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defile/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.[↗](../../defile/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.21.4, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defile/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · neither shall he go in to any dead body, nor defile himself for his father, or for his mother; (Torah LEV.21.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defile/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · I have washed my feet; how shall I defile them?[↗](../../defile/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings SNG.5.3, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defile/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · But thou art man, and not God, in the hand of them that defile thee.[↗](../../defile/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.28.9, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defile/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · But they set their abominations in the house whereupon My name is called, to defile it.[↗](../../defile/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JER.32.34, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defile/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour's wife, to defile thyself with her.[↗](../../defile/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.18.20, JPS 1917) · Twenty years later his son Aristomachus consulted an oracle, which promised him victory if he went by way of the defile.[↗](../../defile/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome) · He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.[↗](../../defile/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.21.4, JPS 1917)

**defiled** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Defiled means made dirty, spoiled or unfit to use, often by something nasty.[↗](../../defiled/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and spoiled the city, because they had defiled their sister.[↗](../../defiled/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.34.27, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defiled/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · This is the law of jealousy, when a wife, being under her husband, goeth aside, and is defiled; (Torah NUM.5.29, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defiled/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · And if the woman be not defiled, but be clean; then she shall be cleared, and shall conceive seed.[↗](../../defiled/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.5.28, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defiled/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · And I saw that she was defiled; they both took one way.[↗](../../defiled/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.23.13, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defiled/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Thus were they defiled with their works, and went astray in their doings.[↗](../../defiled/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.106.39, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defiled/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · How canst thou say: 'I am not defiled, I have not gone after the Baalim'?[↗](../../defiled/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JER.2.23, JPS 1917)[↗](../../defiled/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The harpies defiled the feast with their dirty claws.[↗](../../defiled/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The river was defiled by factory waste.[↗](../../defiled/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · His good name was defiled by the lie.[↗](../../defiled/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**defiledst** — *Early Modern English, meaning 1:* «defiledst» means «you defiled», a form of «defile»: (noun) A defile is a narrow path or valley between high rocks or hills, where only a few can pass at a time.[↗](../../defiledst/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Unstable as water, have not thou the excellency; because thou wentest up to thy father's bed; then defiledst thou it — he went up to my couch.[↗](../../defiledst/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.49.4, JPS 1917)

**define** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To say exactly what a word or idea means: «Can you define 'habitat'?».[↗](../../define/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To state or show clearly what something is, its limits or its nature: «The rules define who can enter».[↗](../../define/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To make the edges or shape of something clear and sharp: «a well-defined outline».[↗](../../define/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* To be the most important feature of someone or something: «Kindness defines her».[↗](../../define/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Can you define the word «evaporate»?[↗](../../define/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A triangle is defined as a shape with three straight sides.[↗](../../define/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The river defines the border between the two countries.[↗](../../define/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The photo was sharp, with every leaf clearly defined.[↗](../../define/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · In the program, we define a function called «jump».[↗](../../define/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Her courage defines her.[↗](../../define/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't let one bad test define you.[↗](../../define/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**defined** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Clear and easy to see or understand (a clearly defined edge).[↗](../../defined/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Having had its meaning stated exactly (a defined term).[↗](../../defined/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (maths) Having a value or meaning according to the rules (Dividing by zero is not defined).[↗](../../defined/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Past form of define: to say exactly what something means or to show clearly its limits.[↗](../../defined/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The word was defined in the glossary.[↗](../../defined/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The edges of the shadow were clearly defined.[↗](../../defined/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In maths, 5 ÷ 0 is not defined.[↗](../../defined/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The rules of the game were well defined.[↗](../../defined/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · His muscles were defined after months of training.[↗](../../defined/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She defined «habitat» for the class.[↗](../../defined/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The many delicate forms concealed in summer by luxuriant foliage, were now clearly defined, and looked like glittering lace-work.[↗](../../defined/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**defining** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Most important in showing what someone or something is really like: «a defining moment».[↗](../../defining/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (verb) Giving the exact meaning of a word, or setting out the limits of something.[↗](../../defining/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (grammar) A «defining relative clause» gives information that tells you exactly which person or thing is meant.[↗](../../defining/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Winning the final was a defining moment for the team.[↗](../../defining/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A defining feature of a triangle is that it has three sides.[↗](../../defining/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We are defining the new words in our vocabulary books.[↗](../../defining/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Kindness is her defining quality.[↗](../../defining/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Defining what a «fair» game means helped end the argument.[↗](../../defining/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In the sentence «The book that I read was long», «that I read» is a defining clause.[↗](../../defining/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**definite** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Definite means clear, sure and fixed, with no doubt.[↗](../../definite/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A definite plan, date or answer has been decided.[↗](../../definite/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (grammar) The definite article is the word «the».[↗](../../definite/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Is the trip definite, or might it be cancelled?[↗](../../definite/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We need a definite answer by Friday.[↗](../../definite/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · There's a definite smell of burning in here\![↗](../../definite/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · «The» is called the definite article.[↗](../../definite/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · She gave a definite «no».[↗](../../definite/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Nothing is definite yet, but we may move house.[↗](../../definite/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · There is a definite improvement in your handwriting.[↗](../../definite/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Unfortunately, the form in which it occurs is mutilated, and we cannot draw any definite conclusion from it.[↗](../../definite/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · The Kabalistic principles involved in the reversal of Hebrew letters, and their substitution by others, on definite schemes, should also be studied and borne in mind.[↗](../../definite/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../definite/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**definitely** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Definitely means certainly, without any doubt.[↗](../../definitely/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Definitely can be used as a strong «yes»: «Are you coming?» — «Definitely!».[↗](../../definitely/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I will definitely come to your party.[↗](../../definitely/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · That is definitely the best pizza I have ever had.[↗](../../definitely/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · «Do you want ice cream?»[↗](../../definitely/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") «Definitely!»[↗](../../definitely/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · It is definitely going to rain today.[↗](../../definitely/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He definitely locked the door — I watched him.[↗](../../definitely/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · That is definitely not my coat.[↗](../../definitely/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A square definitely has four equal sides.[↗](../../definitely/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · We definitely need more practice before the match.[↗](../../definitely/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · No one could deny that the dispute had been definitely settled.[↗](../../definitely/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · The supplemental paragraphs have been printed in modern form by Kalisch ; they identify the several letters of the Heptad more definitely with the planets, days of the week, human attributes and organs of the senses.[↗](../../definitely/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../definitely/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**definition** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A statement of what a word or idea means.[↗](../../definition/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* How clear a picture or sound is (high definition, HD).[↗](../../definition/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Clear shape or outline (muscle definition).[↗](../../definition/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Look up the definition in the dictionary.[↗](../../definition/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The definition of a triangle is a shape with three straight sides.[↗](../../definition/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · By definition, a square has four right angles.[↗](../../definition/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The TV has high definition.[↗](../../definition/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Write a definition for each key word.[↗](../../definition/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The photo lacked definition; it was blurry.[↗](../../definition/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Tales told of Finn of Cuchulain, and therefore coming under the definition of hero-tales, are found elsewhere told of anonymous or unknown heroes.[↗](../../definition/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · For convenience of study I have placed the Notes in a separate form at the end of the work, and I have made a short definition of the subject-matter of each chapter.[↗](../../definition/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../definition/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**definitive** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Final and settled, so that nobody can argue with or change it: «a definitive answer».[↗](../../definitive/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The best, most complete or most trusted version of something: «the definitive guide to sharks».[↗](../../definitive/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (stamps) Definitive stamps are the ordinary, long-running stamps, not special issues.[↗](../../definitive/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We still have no definitive answer to how big the universe is.[↗](../../definitive/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · This is the definitive guide to British birds.[↗](../../definitive/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The test gave definitive proof that the water was safe.[↗](../../definitive/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum's answer was a definitive «No».[↗](../../definitive/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Is this the definitive list of winners?[↗](../../definitive/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The scientists said the result was exciting but not definitive.[↗](../../definitive/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**deflation** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Letting the air or gas out of something, so it gets smaller and softer: «the deflation of a tyre».[↗](../../deflation/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (economics, money) A general fall in prices in a country over time, the opposite of inflation.[↗](../../deflation/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A sudden feeling of disappointment or loss of confidence: «a sense of deflation after the match».[↗](../../deflation/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (sport) A cheating scandal in which footballs were said to be under-inflated («Deflategate», USA).[↗](../../deflation/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The slow deflation of the bouncy castle meant the party was over.[↗](../../deflation/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Deflation means prices go down across a whole country.[↗](../../deflation/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Japan had years of deflation in the 1990s and 2000s.[↗](../../deflation/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · After losing the final, the team felt a great deflation.[↗](../../deflation/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The bike tyre's deflation was caused by a tiny nail.[↗](../../deflation/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Economists worry about deflation as much as about inflation.[↗](../../deflation/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**deflect** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To deflect something means to make it change direction, especially by hitting it, like a ball bouncing off a player.[↗](../../deflect/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To deflect attention, blame or a question means to turn it away from yourself or onto something else.[↗](../../deflect/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (science) Light, a ray or a magnet's needle is deflected when it is turned to a new direction.[↗](../../deflect/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The goalkeeper deflected the ball over the bar.[↗](../../deflect/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The shot was deflected off a defender and went in.[↗](../../deflect/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A mirror can deflect a beam of light.[↗](../../deflect/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The shield deflected the arrow.[↗](../../deflect/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He tried to deflect the blame onto his sister.[↗](../../deflect/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She deflected the question by talking about the weather.[↗](../../deflect/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The magnet deflected the compass needle.[↗](../../deflect/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**deflection** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A change in direction when something bounces off or is pushed sideways: «The ball went in off a deflection».[↗](../../deflection/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (science) The amount something bends or moves aside under a force, such as a beam under a load or a needle on a meter: «the deflection of the compass needle».[↗](../../deflection/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Turning attention, blame or a question away from yourself onto something else: «His joke was just a deflection».[↗](../../deflection/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The goal came from a lucky deflection off a defender.[↗](../../deflection/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The magnet caused a deflection of the compass needle.[↗](../../deflection/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We measured the deflection of the ruler when we hung weights on it.[↗](../../deflection/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · When asked about the broken vase, his answer was a clear deflection.[↗](../../deflection/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Without that deflection the shot would have missed.[↗](../../deflection/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The deflection of light by a prism splits it into colours.[↗](../../deflection/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**deforestation** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Deforestation is the cutting down or burning of large areas of forest, so the trees are gone and the land is used for something else.[↗](../../deforestation/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Deforestation destroys the homes of orangutans.[↗](../../deforestation/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The Amazon rainforest is shrinking because of deforestation.[↗](../../deforestation/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Deforestation adds carbon dioxide to the air.[↗](../../deforestation/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · After deforestation, rain washes the soil away.[↗](../../deforestation/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Our class wrote letters about stopping deforestation.[↗](../../deforestation/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Planting trees helps undo deforestation.[↗](../../deforestation/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**deform** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To change the normal shape of something, often by bending, squashing or stretching it: «Heat deformed the plastic».[↗](../../deform/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (of a body part) To grow or be made into an unusual shape, for example by illness or injury.[↗](../../deform/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The plastic bottle deformed in the hot car.[↗](../../deform/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Squeezing the ball deforms it, but it springs back.[↗](../../deform/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The bridge was built not to deform under heavy lorries.[↗](../../deform/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Rocks deform into folds when plates push together.[↗](../../deform/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The clay deforms easily when you press it.[↗](../../deform/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Too much weight will deform the shelf.[↗](../../deform/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**deformation** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Deformation is a change in the shape of something, for example when it is bent, squashed or stretched.[↗](../../deformation/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A deformation is a part of something that has become the wrong shape.[↗](../../deformation/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Squeezing a sponge causes deformation.[↗](../../deformation/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The car's bumper showed deformation after the crash.[↗](../../deformation/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A spring returns to its shape after deformation.[↗](../../deformation/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The heat caused deformation of the plastic bottle.[↗](../../deformation/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Great forces cause the deformation of rock layers into folds.[↗](../../deformation/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We measured the deformation of the elastic band with different weights.[↗](../../deformation/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**deformed** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Deformed means having a shape that has been changed or twisted, so it is not the usual or proper shape.[↗](../../deformed/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To deform something (verb) is to change its shape by force or heat.[↗](../../deformed/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The plastic ruler was deformed by the heat.[↗](../../deformed/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The car's door was deformed in the crash.[↗](../../deformed/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Too much force deformed the spring, and it didn't spring back.[↗](../../deformed/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The old tree had a deformed, twisted trunk.[↗](../../deformed/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The fruit was deformed but still tasted good.[↗](../../deformed/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Never call a person deformed — it is hurtful.[↗](../../deformed/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Unlike the other Greek divinities, he was ugly and deformed, being awkward in his movements, and limping in his gait.[↗](../../deformed/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

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